Brain Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trial

Official title:

SPECT Imaging of Alpha4beta2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Using [123I]5-I-A-85380 in Alzheimer's Disease

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00039702
• Other study ID #: 020058
• Secondary ID: 02-M-0058
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: June 6, 2002
• Last updated: March 3, 2008
• Start date: June 2002
• Est. completion date: September 2004

Study information

• Verified date: September 2004
• Source: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Federal Government
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to use brain imaging technology to examine the role of certain brain chemicals in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in healthy volunteers.

Cognitive dysfunction in people with AD is thought to arise from decreased chemical activity in specific parts of the brain. Decreases in alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetycholine receptors (nAChRs) have been found in the brains of people who died with AD; however, the status of this receptor system in living brains remains unclear. This study will use single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to study this receptor system in people with AD who have mild to moderate dementia and in healthy volunteers. In addition, this study will examine the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and nAChR deficits in the brains of individuals with AD.

Participants with AD will have four clinic visits; healthy volunteers will have three visits. At Visit 1, participants will undergo a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Healthy volunteers will have a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) cognitive function test. Participants with AD will have a MMSE and measurement of the severity of their dementia.

During Visit 2, participants will undergo a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain.

At Visit 3, participants will undergo SPECT imaging.

Only participants with AD will participate in Visit 4. During this visit, cognitive testing will be performed.

Description:

Cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are thought to arise in part from underlying losses of cholinergic input to cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Consistent marked decreases of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are found in postmortem AD brains. However, knowledge of the in vivo status of this receptor system is limited due to the lack of suitable tracers for PET/SPECT imaging. We plan to use a new SPECT tracer, [123I]5-I-A-85380, which appears suitable for imaging the alpha4beta2 subtype of nAChRs, in order to delineate abnormalities of this receptor system in a "subgroup" of 20 mild to moderately demented AD patients against 20 age matched healthy controls, the "subgroup" being characterized by carrying the AD susceptibility Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele. In addition, we plan to examine the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and alpha4beta2 nAChr deficits in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of these AD patients. This study represents our initial effort toward our long-term goal of understanding the role this important receptor system plays in the pathophysiological mechanisms and drug manipulation of AD.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 40
• Est. completion date: September 2004
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Both
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

INCLUSION CRITERIA - ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS:

All AD patients will meet NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD with age of onset between 50 and 65 years of age.

The AD patients will be mild to moderately demented as assessed by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination.

In particular, the AD patients will be nonsmokers because of known effects of smoking on nAChRs.

Patients will be characterized by their APOE genotype as nAChR changes might be different with differing doses of this allele.

We will not exclude AD patients from participating while they are on AChe inhibitors.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA - ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS:

We will exclude patients who are on galanthamine (Reminyl).

We will exclude patients on antidepressants and/or psychotropic drugs.

INCLUSION CRITERIA - CONTROLS:

Nonsmoking healthy individuals who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Study Design

N/A

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Alzheimer Disease

Intervention

Drug:
• [123] 5-I-A-85380

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Bethesda	Maryland

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (3)

Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):921-3. — View Citation

Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P. Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science. 1993 Oct 29;262(5134):689-95. Review. — View Citation

Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel D, George-Hyslop PH, Pericak-Vance MA, Joo SH, Rosi BL, Gusella JF, Crapper-MacLachlan DR, Alberts MJ, et al. Association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1993 Aug;43(8):1467-72. — View Citation