Changes of Soft and Hard Tissues After Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Freeze-dried Bone Allograft vs. L-PRF Clot

Alveolar Bone Loss Clinical Trial

Official title:

Dimensional Changes of Soft and Hard Tissues Following Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Freeze-dried Bone Allograft vs. L-PRF Clot Covered With d-PTFE Membrane: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03331185
• Other study ID #: B2017:125
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3
• Start date: January 3, 2018
• Est. completion date: April 2, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: April 2020
• Source: University of Manitoba
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

A Clinical Trial to study the effectiveness between two, tooth socket grafting materials namely, Freeze Dried Bone Allograft (human derived bone particles) and Leukocytic-Platelet Rich Fibrin (the patient's own centrifuged blood).

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects (good and bad) of Bone Allograft to Platelet Rich Fibrin to see which material would be the most effective in maintaining the volume of the gum and bone of the jaw during the healing phase as well as minimizing the amount of pain and/or swelling following tooth extraction.

Description:

A prospective,randomized clinical trial will be conducted to determine whether L-PRF, compared to freeze dried bone allograft, will result in comparable volumetric shrinkage of the alveolar ridge and overlying keratinized tissue, following extraction of teeth and socket grafting.

This trial aims at obtaining information to determine which material would provide a superior clinical result, as well as reporting on patient related outcomes. The participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. The surgical procedure will be performed by one of five calibrated periodontal residents.

Patients will be followed for 2 weeks post-operatively by the same resident, to monitor the healing process and to assess for any complications.

Randomization will be achieved using a computerized randomization scheme and will be assigned to one of two groups and allocated by means of a sealed envelope opened on the day of surgery communicated to the surgeon during the surgery by a supervising faculty member. Participants will be block-randomized for each of the 5 operators for balance.

Anesthesia will be achieved and soft tissue measurements will be obtained using a periodontal probe. An atraumatic extraction technique will be performed to allow for minimal disturbance of the soft and hard tissue architecture.

The extraction socket walls are then assessed and any defects in socket measured with a periodontal probe. Group A: Full thickness mucoperiosteal pouch is created up to ~3mm apical of the bony crest of the socket with a periosteal elevator. The socket is incrementally filled with mineralized cortical freeze-dried bone allograft and condensed. Group B: Socket is pouched as in group A followed by venipuncture of the antecubital vein with 21G needle and collection of 4-6 vials (10ml each) of venous blood without any additive or anticoagulant. The vials are centrifuged for 12 minutes at 2700 rpm to form L-PRF clots. The socket is incrementally filled with the clots and condensed.

Following socket fill, both groups will have the grafts covered by dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The membrane is trimmed and adapted with the borders tucked 2-3mm underneath the gingival tissues. Tissues, graft and membrane are stabilized with 5/0 PTFE sutures.

The patients will also receive a pain VAS questionnaire evaluating the post-operative pain 1 and 7 days following surgery. A CBCT with the radiographic stent will be taken within 72 hours of the surgery.

7 days post-op: Sutures will be removed if deemed suitable. The VAS questionnaire will be collected.

6 weeks post op: d-PTFE membrane will be retrieved and discarded using tissue forceps. Alginate impressions will be taken for a surgical guide.

11 weeks post op: Second CBCT will be taken with radiographic surgical stent. Images obtained will be used to analyze and compare the ridge dimensions to those obtained at baseline as well as for surgical implant planning.

12 weeks post op: Soft tissue measurement with periodontal probe and floss spanned over edentulous site from buccal to lingual mucogingival junction. Implant placement will be done per standard procedure. A 2.5mm diameter trephine drill will be used to harvest a bone core for histologic analysis. The bone core will be immediately submerged in a solution of 10% neutral buffered formalin. Osteotomies and implant placement will be done following the manufacturer's protocol. Depending on the buccal bone and soft tissue thickness, ancillary soft tissue augmentation, bone augmentation or combination of these procedures may be indicated. The patient will be followed up and referred to the restorative dentist as per standard procedure. Photographs will be taken at every visit.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 26
• Est. completion date: April 2, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: April 2, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 22 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with molars or premolars indicated for extraction.

• Patients that present with a post extraction class I and II socket (<30% bone loss on the buccal or lingual plate, measured from the most coronal aspect of intact bone to the most apical aspect of the defect divided by the measurement from the most apical aspect of the defect to the apex of the socket x 100).

• Patients presenting with the need for single extractions.

• Patients with general good health that does not have a condition contra-indicating routine dental treatment, extraction and implant placement.

• Patients that are compliant with the research protocol and methods.

• Patients that have read, understood and signed an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Extraction and ridge preservation indicated for teeth other than premolars and molars.

• Patients that present with a post extraction class III socket (>30% bone loss on the buccal or lingual plate, measured from the most coronal aspect of intact bone to the most apical aspect of the defect divided by the measurement from the most apical aspect of the defect to the apex of the socket x 100)

• Patients deemed eligible for immediate implant placement following extraction and intra-operative assessment by the attending supervisor.

• Patients that present with an oral-antral communication, post extraction.

• Patients that presents with the need for multiple, side by side extractions.

• Patients with coagulation disorders, on corticosteroids, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or any systemic disease where periodontal surgery is contraindicated and healing may be compromised.

• Pregnant and nursing women.

• Patients with any contact hypersensitivity to the related materials used in the study.

• Heavy tobacco users, >10 cigarettes per day.

• Patients unwilling to sign consent or follow the protocol of the study.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Alveolar Bone Loss
• Tooth Loss

Intervention

Biological:
• Freeze Dried Bone Allograft
Human derived bone particles used in oral and periodontal grafting procedures
• L-PRF clot
L-PRF is a second-generation platelet rich plasma obtained from autologous blood and contains several different growth factors, platelets and leucocytes in a complex fibrin matrix to accelerate the healing of soft and hard tissues.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	Graduate Periodontic Clinic - University of Manitoba	Winnipeg	Manitoba

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Manitoba

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Canada, 

References & Publications (9)

Castro AB, Meschi N, Temmerman A, Pinto N, Lambrechts P, Teughels W, Quirynen M. Regenerative potential of leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. Part B: sinus floor elevation, alveolar ridge preservation and implant therapy. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Feb;44(2):225-234. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12658. Epub 2017 Jan 10. Review. — View Citation

Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpieri A, Girard MO, Schoeffler C, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Dohan DM. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: clinical effects on tissue healing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 Mar;101(3):e56-60. — View Citation

Fernández RF, Bucchi C, Navarro P, Beltrán V, Borie E. Bone grafts utilized in dentistry: an analysis of patients' preferences. BMC Med Ethics. 2015 Oct 20;16(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s12910-015-0044-6. — View Citation

Hauser F, Gaydarov N, Badoud I, Vazquez L, Bernard JP, Ammann P. Clinical and histological evaluation of postextraction platelet-rich fibrin socket filling: a prospective randomized controlled study. Implant Dent. 2013 Jun;22(3):295-303. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3182906eb3. — View Citation

Iasella JM, Greenwell H, Miller RL, Hill M, Drisko C, Bohra AA, Scheetz JP. Ridge preservation with freeze-dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane compared to extraction alone for implant site development: a clinical and histologic study in humans. J Periodontol. 2003 Jul;74(7):990-9. — View Citation

MacBeth N, Trullenque-Eriksson A, Donos N, Mardas N. Hard and soft tissue changes following alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017 Aug;28(8):982-1004. doi: 10.1111/clr.12911. Epub 2016 Jul 26. Review. — View Citation

Schropp L, Wenzel A, Kostopoulos L, Karring T. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2003 Aug;23(4):313-23. — View Citation

Temmerman A, Vandessel J, Castro A, Jacobs R, Teughels W, Pinto N, Quirynen M. The use of leucocyte and platelet-rich fibrin in socket management and ridge preservation: a split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Nov;43(11):990-999. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12612. Epub 2016 Sep 21. — View Citation

Walker CJ, Prihoda TJ, Mealey BL, Lasho DJ, Noujeim M, Huynh-Ba G. Evaluation of Healing at Molar Extraction Sites With and Without Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol. 2017 Mar;88(3):241-249. doi: 10.1902/jop.2016.160445. Epub 2016 Oct 27. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Overall Horizontal Change in Alveolar Ridge Width	Calculated mean of post operative CBCT measurements of horizontal alveolar bone width changes following extraction and alveolar ridge preservation.	Difference reported on horizontal changes comparing CBCT analysis 11weeks after extraction and grafting compared to CBCT following extraction and grafting
Secondary	Buccolingual Change in Width of Keratinized Soft Tissue	Difference in post operative measurement analysis of keratinized gingiva changes following extraction and alveolar ridge preservation	Soft tissue measurement at time of extraction and grafting and 12 weeks after extraction and grafting
Secondary	Post-operative Pain and Swelling	Post-operative pain and complications measured by VAS-questionnaire obtained following extraction and grafting. The VAS-questionnaire contained the following categories to be answered 7days post-operatively: Pain, Swelling. A visual line scale of 100mm in length was provided with no pain/swelling on the one end and severe pain/swelling on the opposite end. Participants were instructed to rate their pain and swelling by marking a single line on the scale indicating the degree of pain/swelling they experienced. Markings were physically measured on the scale and converted into a score with 0 representing no pain/swelling and 1 representing severe pain/swelling.	Measured at 7 days following extraction and grafting