View clinical trials related to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).
Filter by:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the second highest preventable cause of death in France. Only 3% of patients are prescribed approved drugs for reducing alcohol consumption or maintenance of abstinence. Increasing evidence supports the efficacy of psychotherapies such as cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT) in AUD. However, some patients are resistant to CBT and the positive effects of CBT could wane over time, resulting in mid- and long-term relapses. Mindfulness practice is increasingly widespread in the United States and its efficacy in various fields appears very promising. The study investigators hypothesize that the Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) program will be more efficient than a relaxation/meditation without guidance control program in AUD.
The aim of this project is to elucidate whether impairments of cognitive control, performance-monitoring, and value-based decision-making and dysfunctional interactions between underlying brain systems are mediating mechanisms and vulnerability factors for daily self-control failures and addictive disorders.
The project is geared towards the understanding of how to increase cognitive control over cue reactivity and drug craving.
The primary hypotheses under test are that alcohol dependent subjects treated with suvorexant will report decreased craving for alcohol following alcohol exposure in the laboratory and report significantly less drinking under naturalistic conditions, than those treated with placebo. Suvorexant (Belsomra®) received approval by the FDA in 2014 for treatment of insomnia. To control for any effect of pre-existing sleep disturbance for which suvorexant may be indicated, subjects will be stratified on the basis of a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score of > 5 versus <5. Subjects were also stratified by sex.
The goal of this research is to replicate findings previously conducted in a pilot trial and to understand, mechanistically, the role of stress in the development of AUD pharmacotherapies that target noradrenergic blockade.
Impulsivity, a well-known risk factor predicting negative outcomes, refers broadly to a proclivity towards rapid action with a suboptimal regard for future consequences. Importantly, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct incorporating generalized and behavioral facets. However, underlying mechanisms linking facets of impulsivity to high-risk drinking remain uncertain. Such mechanisms, if uncovered, may be more appropriate intervention targets than impulsivity directly. Similar to impulsivity, subjective response to alcohol (SR), or individual differences in sensitivity to the pharmacologic effects of alcohol, is an established risk factor for alcohol use disorder. Specifically, experiencing heightened rewarding stimulation and dampened aversive sedation from alcohol are related to high-risk drinking. Theory and recent findings indicate SR and impulsivity may be related, suggesting SR may be a mechanism linking facets of impulsivity to high-risk drinking. However, findings linking impulsivity to SR were all from secondary data analyses and most studies reported on only a single measure of impulsivity. For these reasons, an original data collection using laboratory alcohol administration methods is needed to address which facets of impulsivity are related to SR among young adult drinkers and whether these effects manifest while blood alcohol concentrations are increasing or declining. This study will utilize a laboratory alcohol administration design to investigate whether distinct facets of impulsivity (i.e., generalized, choice, response) are related to subjective responses (i.e., stimulation and sedation) following alcohol administration.
Excessive alcohol consumption is common in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Among patients who survive an ICU admission, excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of being admitted the hospital. In this study, the Investigators will compare an intervention designed to address excessive drinking in ICU survivors to usual care. This intervention combines motivational interviewing (MI) and shared decision making (SDM). MI and SDM share several core components including the development of a therapeutic alliance and promotion of autonomy. MI can be employed in the context of motivating a patient to change their drinking. Once this decision has been made, SDM can be employed to help a patient decide amongst multiple reasonable treatment options. The Investigators long-term goal is to test whether MI-SDM is better than usual care and whether multiple sessions of MI-SDM are better than a single session. This pilot clinical trial will demonstrate the feasibility of conducting a larger efficacy study to test these hypotheses.
As a result of sustained operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, there are an increasing number of U.S. military Veterans with substance use disorders and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If left untreated, individuals with substance use disorders and PTSD are at increased risk for developing other mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety), suicidal ideation and attempts, medical problems, reduced resiliency and military readiness, vocational problems, and family/social impairment. This study will determine the benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in treating alcohol use disorder and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military Veterans.
The purpose of this study is to advance the effort to develop personalized pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The investigators propose to conduct a 12-week, prospective, randomized clinical trial of the moderating effect of rs2832407 on the efficacy of TOP in reducing heavy drinking (HD) in 200 individuals of European descent with DSM-5 AUD. The investigators will stratify the randomization on genotype and oversample rs2832407*C homozygotes, the most TOP-responsive genotype, to ensure comparable numbers of patients in the four medication x genotype groups. The investigators will use daily data collection to examine changes in relevant process variables (e.g., alcohol expectancies) and their interaction with genotype and medication group as predictors of HD. The proposed study is innovative in that it will be the first prospective test of a pharmacogenetic hypothesis involving TOP; it will use daily reports to examine expectancies and how they interact with medication and genotype to predict HD; and it will enroll DSM-5 AUD patients whose goal is either to reduce or stop drinking, which will increase the study's external validity.
Background: - Brain inflammation due to high alcohol intake may affect thinking, memory, and concentration. Researchers want to measure this using positron emission tomography (PET). Objective: - To study how excessive alcohol consumption affects brain function. Eligibility: - Adults 30-75 years old who are moderate or severe alcohol drinkers. - Healthy volunteers. Design: - Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, interview, and blood and urine tests. Their breath will be tested for alcohol and recent smoking. - Phase 1: - Participants will stay in the hospital 3 days. They will have blood and heart tests and daily urine tests. - A small plastic tube will be inserted by needle in each arm. One will go in a vein, the other in an artery. - Participants will have 2 PET scans with 2 different radioactive compounds. Participants will lie on a bed that slides in and out of the scanner with a cap on their head. - Participants will have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Participants will lie in the scanner either resting with their eyes open or while performing an attention task. - Participants will have tests of memory, attention, concentration, and thinking. They may answer questions, take tests, and perform simple actions. - Phase 2 of the study will only be done if Phase 1 results show brain inflammation. - Phase 2 will repeat Phase 1. - For healthy volunteers, Phase 2 will begin 3 weeks after Phase 1. - Other volunteers must not have alcohol for at least 3 weeks and stay in a hospital up to 4-6 weeks between Phase 1 and Phase 2. After Phase 2, they will have 5 follow-up calls over 3 months.