Intrathecal DepoCyte and Lineage-targeted Minimal Residual Disease-oriented Therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Clinical Trial

Official title: A Randomized Study on CNS Prophylaxis With Liposome-Encapsulated Cytarabine in Association With a Lineage-Targeted and MRD-Oriented Postremission Strategy in Adult ALL

Status Completed

Clinical Trial Summary

The aim of this clinical study in adult ALL is to compare by risk category (1) the feasibility of two different CNS prophylaxis regimens and (2) the overall disease-free survival in relation to the achievement of an early MRD negative status and following consolidation with lineage-targeted methotrexate infusions and other disease-specific therapeutic elements, with or without the application of allogeneic or autologous SCT depending on risk class and MRD study results.

In this multicentric prospective pilot randomized phase II trial on CNS prophylaxis, all patients receive induction/consolidation therapy incorporating lineage-targeted high-dose methotrexate plus other drugs (with additional imatinib in Ph/BCR-ABL+ ALL), for the achievement of an early negative MRD status. The MRD study supports a risk/MRD-oriented final consolidation phase.

Clinical Trial Description

A) Risk Classification

Newly diagnosed patients are hierarchically clustered into very high, high and standard risk cases (VHR, HR, SR) using international risk criteria modified according to NILG:

A1) VHR (any criterium): B-precursor: WBC count >100x109/L; adverse cytogenetics/molecular biology such as t(9;22)/BCR-ABL, t(4;11)/MLL rearrangement at 11q23, +8, -7, del6q, t(8;14), low hypodiploidy with 30-39 chromosomes, near triploidy with 60-78 chromosomes, complex with >5 unrelated anomalies. T-precursor: WBC count >100x109/L; early/late non-cortical immunophenotype (CD1a-); adverse cytogenetics/molecular biology (as above).

A2) HR (any criterium, VHR excluded): B-precursor: WBC count >30x109/L; pro-B immunophenotype; complete remission after cycle 2. T-precursor: complete remission after cycle 2.

A3) SR (all criteria, VHR/HR excluded): B-precursor: WBC count <30x109/L; T-precursor: WBC count <100x109/L; cortical immunophenotype (CD1a+).

B) CNS Prophylaxis Stratification before randomisation

1. by immunophenotype, i.e. B-precursor vs. T-precursor

2. by risk class, i.e. SR vs. non-SR (using only known factors) Randomisation: intrathecal (IT) CNS prophylaxis with standard triple therapy (TIT, 12 total injections) vs. DepoCyte (6-8 total injections by disease subset). Cranial irradiation is omitted in both arms, and all patients receive the same chemotherapy program including CNS-crossing agents.

C)Induction/Early Consolidation and MRD Study

Randomised patients receive homogeneous induction/early consolidation chemotherapy, including subset-specific elements for B-precursor ALL (3x targeted-infusion methotrexate 2.5 g/m2), T-precursor ALL (3x targeted-infusion methotrexate 5 g/m2), age >55 years (methotrexate reduced to 1.5 g/m2), Ph/BCR-ABL+ ALL (imatinib, reduced-intensity chemotherapy), radiation therapy (LL). Patients not in CR after cycles 1-2 are off study. For CR evaluation bone marrow is checked on days 28 and/or 56. Consolidation cycles are administered at 21-28 day intervals Concurrent MRD analysis is performed at four timepoints (weeks 4, 10, 16 and 22 of induction/consolidation), to optimize risk classification and support risk/MRD-oriented therapy:

C1) MRD negative (M-NEG): negative MRD study (<10-4 at timepoints #2 and #3, and negative at timepoint #4) C2) MRD positive (M-POS): positive MRD study (>10-4 at timepoints #2 or #3, or positive at timepoint #4)

D)MRD/Risk-Oriented Final Therapy D1) VHR patients are candidate to an early allogeneic SCT (related/unrelated donor/cord blood; ablative/non-ablative conditioning according to current protocols/guidelines) after CR, regardless MRD study results.

D2) M-POS as well as HR patients with unknown MRD are allocated to allogeneic SCT after MRD timepoint 2 (M-POS >10-4) or MRD timepoint 4 (others). When an allogeneic SCT is not possible, patients complete consolidation and receive autologous-type SCT followed by maintenance.

D3) M-NEG as well as SR patients with unknown MRD are allocated to maintenance therapy.

Age-limited therapeutic procedures: Patients aged >55 years are treated with age-adapted therapy, and when indicated will be included in SCT programs whenever possible and according to performance status and comorbidity. ;

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Leukemia, Lymphoid
• Neoplasm, Residual
• Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

• NCT number: NCT00795756
• Study type: Interventional
• Source: Northern Italy Leukemia Group
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3
• Start date: January 2008
• Completion date: October 2013