Activity Adequacy Mindsets Clinical Trial
Official title:
Harnessing Mindset in 21st Century Healthcare: Leveraging Mindset in Health Technology
Verified date | January 2020 |
Source | Stanford University |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
It is widely known that physical activity is important for health and wellbeing, yet most Americans do not meet recommended levels of activity. People may commonly believe that only the actual amount of physical activity matters for health and wellbeing. However, the investigators propose that individuals' mindsets about the adequacy of their level of physical activity and its corresponding health consequences (activity adequacy mindsets) affect health outcomes, over and above their actual level of physical activity. In recent years, health technologies such as wearable fitness trackers have become popular tools to promote higher levels of physical activity. This study leverages the tracking and feedback capabilities of Apple Watch to study the effects of mindsets about physical activity on health and wellbeing, as well as the pathways through which these effects may occur.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 164 |
Est. completion date | November 15, 2019 |
Est. primary completion date | November 15, 2019 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria: - Low level of physical activity in the prior six months, as indicated by self-report - Walking as primary source of physical activity in the prior six months, as indicated by self-report - Ability to understand study procedures and to comply with them for the entire length of the study. Exclusion Criteria: - Candidates who answer affirmatively to any of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) items will be excluded, unless they get clearance from a physician that they are able to participate in the study. - Candidates who report pregnancy will be excluded, as natural changes in weight and body composition during pregnancy would invalidate our results. |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | Stanford University | Stanford | California |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Stanford University | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) |
United States,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Change in Perceived Amount of Exercise Over 5 Weeks | Perceived Amount of Exercise (manipulation check), measured via 1-item self-report in all surveys. The full item is "Overall, how much exercise did you get today?", range 1 (None at all) - 5 (A great deal), with high values considered a better outcome. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in daily and weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) | |
Primary | Change in Activity Adequacy Mindset Over 5 Weeks | Activity Adequacy Mindset (key mediator) measured via self-report in onboarding/ offboarding surveys (7 items) and weekly surveys (shortened, 5 items). This scale ranges from 1 - 7, with higher values representing better outcomes. The items will be combined in a composite score by averaging. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) | |
Primary | Change in Physical Health Over 5 Weeks | Physical Health measures are BMI (calculated from self-reported height and weight measured in lab, BMI = kg/m^2); Body fat percentage (measured on lab scale); Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (measured in lab); Resting heart rate (HR) (measured in lab); Average daily heart rate (measured by Apple Watch heart rate sensor); VO2max, approximated through the Canadian Home Fitness Test (based on post-exercise HR measured in lab); Perceived general health (measured via 1-item self-report); Perceived fitness (measured via 1-item self-report); Physical function and pain (measured via PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0 questionnaire). All measures will be factor analyzed and combined into a summary score (average of standardized scores weighted by variables' factor loading), provided factor analysis shows that they load onto one factor (i.e., rotated factor loadings of >= |0.4|). Measures will also be analyzed separately for exploratory purposes. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session) and end of study (offboarding session); except average daily heart rate, which is based on Apple Watch HR recordings measured approx. every 20 minutes when participant is wearing watch during the 5 weeks | |
Primary | Change in Mental Health Over 5 Weeks | Anxiety, depressive symptoms, ability to participate in social roles and activities, sleep disturbance, fatigue (measured via PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System)-29 Profile v2.0 questionnaire), and stress (measured via Perceived Stress Scale, PSS). Each PROMIS subscale ranges from 1-5, with higher values representing better outcomes. Items will be averaged into subscale composite scores. The PSS ranges from 1-5, with higher values representing worse outcomes. PSS items will be averaged into a composite score. All measures will be factor analyzed and combined into a summary score (average of standardized scores weighted by variables' factor loading), provided factor analysis shows that they load onto one factor (i.e., rotated factor loadings of >= |0.4|). Measures will also be analyzed separately for exploratory purposes. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session) and end of study (offboarding session) | |
Primary | Change in Cognitive Function Over 5 Weeks | Stroop task performance | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session) and end of study (offboarding session) | |
Secondary | Change in Affect Over 5 Weeks | Measured via self-report (Affect Valuation Index, AVI, and 2 items measuring stress/ anxiety). AVI items range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher frequency of any given emotion. Items will be averaged into 8 subscale composite scores according to the AVI protocol by averaging. Items measuring stress/ anxiety range from 1-5 with higher scores representing worse outcomes. All measures will be factor analyzed and combined into a summary score (average of standardized scores weighted by variables' factor loading), provided factor analysis shows that they load onto one factor (i.e., rotated factor loadings of >= |0.4|). Measures will also be analyzed separately for exploratory purposes. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in daily and weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) | |
Secondary | Change in Self-Efficacy for Exercise Over 5 Weeks | Measured via self-report (Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale). Items range from 1-5, with higher values representing better outcomes. Items will be averaged into a composite scale. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) | |
Secondary | Change in Motivation for exercise and health promotion Over 5 Weeks | Measured via self-report (2 items measuring exercise motivation and health promotion motivation). Items range from 1-5, with higher values representing better outcomes. Items will be averaged into a composite scale. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) | |
Secondary | Change in Physical Activity Behavior Over 5 Weeks | Physical activity is measured via daily step count tracked by Apple Watch, and via self-report (IPAQ, and a measure adapted from NHANES for this study). All measures will be factor analyzed and combined into a summary score (average of standardized scores weighted by variables' factor loading), provided factor analysis shows that they load onto one factor (i.e., rotated factor loadings of >= |0.4|). Measures will also be analyzed separately for exploratory purposes. | 5 weeks: Step count measured by Apple Watch every ~ 15 min when participant is wearing watch during the 5 weeks; IPAQ and custom physical activity measure assessed in onboarding/ offboarding sessions, and the latter also in weekly surveys | |
Secondary | Change in Other Health Behaviors (diet, sleep, drinking, smoking) Over 5 Weeks | Measured via self-report (9 items). All measures will be factor analyzed and combined into a summary score (average of standardized scores weighted by variables' factor loading), provided factor analysis shows that they load onto one factor (i.e., rotated factor loadings of >= |0.4|). Measures will also be analyzed separately for exploratory purposes. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) | |
Secondary | Change in Process Mindset Over 5 Weeks | Exercise process mindset and Health process mindset are measured via self-report (7 items per scale). Items range from 1-4, with higher values representing better outcomes. Items will be averaged into two composite scores (General Process Mindset and Exercise Process Mindset). If items from both subscales have sufficient reliability (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7), they will be averaged into one composite scale. | 5 weeks: measured at baseline (onboarding session), in one of the weekly surveys, and at end of study (offboarding session) |