Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Trial
Official title:
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): A Cross-Sectional Study
The primary aim of this study is to assess the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea
(OSA) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with T1D.
The secondary aims of this study are to assess: (1) the prevalence of OSA in patients with
T1D; (2) the relationship between OSA and metabolic parameters (such as glycaemic control,
blood pressure, lipids and weight) in patients with T1D; (3) the relationship between OSA and
diabetes-related microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral
neuropathy) in patients with T1D; and (4) the potential mechanisms for the relationship
between OSA and diabetic-related complications if such a relationship is found.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been reported to be very common in patient with type 2
diabetes (T2D), and this relation is expected as both conditions share obesity as a common
risk factor. Despite that several articles have stated that OSA is an independent risk factor
for abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
In contrast, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are leaner and younger than patients with
T2D, so it was expected that OSA might be less common in patients with T1D. However, few
studies have reported the prevalence of OSA in T1D with a range between 8 and 46%. The
relationship between OSA and diabetes-related vascular disease is poorly explored in patients
with T1D. This suggests a mechanism other than obesity may be responsible for OSA in patients
with T1D. Therefore, the investigators hypothesized that (1) OSA is related to CAN rather
than obesity in patients with T1D. (2) OSA is common in patients with T1D. (3) OSA is
associated with worse metabolic profile and microvascular complications in T1D. (4) Oxidative
and nitrosative stress are possible mechanisms relating OSA to T1D complication.
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