Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis Clinical Trial

— PREVENT TB  

Official title:

TBTC Study 26: Effectiveness and Tolerability of Weekly Rifapentine/Isoniazid for 3 Months Versus Daily Isoniazid for 9 Months for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00023452
• Other study ID #: CDC-NCHSTP-3041
• Secondary ID: CDC TBTC Study 2
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: June 2001
• Est. completion date: September 2013

Study information

• Verified date: April 2024
• Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Open-label, multi-center, Phase III clinical trial to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of a three-month (12-dose) regimen of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3RPT/INH) to the effectiveness of a nine-month (270-dose)regimen of daily isoniazid (9INH) to prevent tuberculosis (TB) among high-risk tuberculin skin-test reactors, including children and HIV-infected persons, who require treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI).

Description:

The PRIMARY objective of this open-label Phase III clinical trial is to compare the effectiveness of a three-month (12-dose) regimen of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3RPT/INH) to the effectiveness of a nine-month (270-dose) regimen of daily isoniazid (9INH) to prevent tuberculosis (TB) among high-risk tuberculin skin-test reactors, including children and HIV-infected persons, who require treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI). The 3RPT/INH regimen will be given under direct observation and the 9INH regimen will be self-administered. SECONDARY Objectives: - Compare the rates of drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reactions associated with 3RPT/INH and 9INH. - Compare the rates of drug discontinuation for any reason associated with 3RPT/INH and 9INH. - Compare the rates of any grade 3, 4, or 5 drug toxicity associated with 3RPT/INH and 9INH. - Compare treatment completion rates of 3RPT/INH and 9INH. Compare the efficacy (i.e., among persons who complete study-phase therapy) of 3RPT/INH and 9INH. - Compare the effectiveness and tolerability of 3RPT/INH and 9INH in HIV-infected persons. - Compare the effectiveness and tolerability of 3RPT/INH and 9INH in children < 18 years old. - Compare the rates of methadone withdrawal associated with 3RPT/INH and 9INH among persons concomitantly receiving methadone. - Describe patterns of antibiotic resistance among M. tuberculosis isolates in patients who develop TB despite treatment of latent infection. Amendment of the study protocol to allow extension of enrollment to children < 12 years old and HIV-infected persons: For assessment of the primary outcome, development of TB, a sample size of approximately 4,000 persons per arm will be required. To assess tolerability (one of the secondary outcomes) in sub-groups, children less than 12 years old and HIV-infected persons, a sample size of 644 per strata will be required. A sample size of 8,053 patients for the primary outcome was reached on February 15, 2008 (with expected follow-up completion time in 2010), leaving approximately 454 additional young children and 200 HIV-infected persons to be enrolled to achieve the targets of 644 for each group. The additional data on tolerability in those sub-groups will available for analysis in 2013.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 8053
• Est. completion date: September 2013
• Est. primary completion date: October 2010
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 2 Years and older

Eligibility

INCLUSION criteria:

• Males or nonpregnant, non-nursing females > 2 years old.
• Tuberculin (PPD) skin test reactors at high risk for developing TB but without

evidence of active TB. High-risk reactors are defined as:

1. Household and other close contacts of persons with culture-confirmed TB who are TST-positive as part of a contact investigation conducted within two years of the date of enrollment. Close contact is defined as > 4 hours in a shared airspace during a one-week period. Among close contacts, a positive TST is defined as > 5 mm induration after 5 TU of PPD placed intradermally using the Mantoux technique.

2. TST converters--converting from a documented negative to positive TST within a two-year period. This is defined as persons with a tuberculin skin test of > 10 mm within two years of a nonreactive test or persons with an increase of > 10 mm within a two-year period.

3. HIV-seropositive, TST positive (> 5 mm induration) persons.

4. Persons with > 2 cm2 of pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis on chest X-ray, no prior history of TB treatment, > 5 mm induration on TST, and 3 sputum cultures negative for M. tuberculosis on final report.

• HIV-seropositive close contacts of persons with culture-confirmed TB, regardless of TST status. In addition, HIV-seropositive close contacts of persons with culture-confirmed TB who have a documented history of completing an adequate course of treatment for active TB or latent TB infection, are also eligible.
• Willing to provide signed informed consent, or parental consent and participant assent.

EXCLUSION criteria:

• Current confirmed culture-positive or clinical TB
• Suspected TB (as defined by the site investigator)
• Tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid or rifampin in the source case
• A history of treatment for > 14 consecutive days with a rifamycin or > 30 consecutive days with INH during the previous 2 years.
• A documented history of a completing an adequate course of treatment for active TB or latent TB infection in a person who is HIV-seronegative.
• History of sensitivity/intolerance to isoniazid or rifamycins
• Serum aminotransferase aspartate (AST, SGOT) > 5x upper limit of normal among persons in whom AST is determined
• Pregnant or nursing females
• Persons currently receiving or planning to receive HIV-1 protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the first 90 days after enrollment.
• Weight < 10.0 kg

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Infections
• Latent Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis

Intervention

Drug:
• RPT + INH once weekly for 3 months given by DOT
Rifapentine (RPT) 900 mg once-weekly x 12 doses (3 months) for persons > 50.0 kg. For persons < 50.0 kg, the following doses will be given (Weight/Dose): 10.0-14.0 kg / 300 mg; 14.1-25.0 kg / 450 mg; 25.1-32.0 kg / 600 mg; 32.1-50.0 kg / 750 mg. PLUS Isoniazid (INH) 15 mg/kg (rounded up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; 900 mg max) once weekly x 12 doses if > 12 years old. INH 25 mg/kg (round up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; 900 mg max) if 2-11 years old. Therapy will be given by Directly Observed Therapy (DOT).
• Isoniazid (INH) daily for 9 months
Isoniazid (INH) 5 mg/kg (rounded up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; 300 mg max) daily x 270 doses (9 months) For children age 2 - 11, INH 10-15 mg/kg (round up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; 300 mg max) will be given.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Brazil	Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro	Rio de Janeiro
Canada	Montreal Chest Institute McGill University	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	University of British Columbia	Vancouver	British Columbia
Canada	University of Manitoba	Winnipeg	Manitoba
Spain	Agencia de Salut Publica	Barcelona
United States	Emory University, Department of Medicine	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Boston Medical Center	Boston	Massachusetts
United States	Carolinas Medical Center	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	Chicago VA Medical Center (Lakeside)	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Denver Department of Public Health and Hospitals	Denver	Colorado
United States	Duke University Medical Center	Durham	North Carolina
United States	University of North Texas Health Science Center	Fort Worth	Texas
United States	Hines VA Medical Center	Hines	Illinois
United States	Michael Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center	Houston	Texas
United States	Central Arkansas Veterans Health System	Little Rock	Arkansas
United States	LA County/USC Medical Center	Los Angeles	California
United States	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Nashville	Tennessee
United States	Columbia University/Presbyterian Medical Center	New York	New York
United States	Harlem Hospital Center	New York	New York
United States	New Jersey Medical School	Newark	New Jersey
United States	Audi L. Murphy VA Hospital	San Antonio	Texas
United States	UCSD Medical Center	San Diego	California
United States	University of California, San Francisco	San Francisco	California
United States	Seattle King County Health Department	Seattle	Washington
United States	Washington, D.C. VAMC	Washington	District of Columbia

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	US Department of Veterans Affairs

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Brazil,  Canada,  Spain, 

References & Publications (1)

Sterling TR, Villarino ME, Borisov AS, Shang N, Gordin F, Bliven-Sizemore E, Hackman J, Hamilton CD, Menzies D, Kerrigan A, Weis SE, Weiner M, Wing D, Conde MB, Bozeman L, Horsburgh CR Jr, Chaisson RE; TB Trials Consortium PREVENT TB Study Team. Three mon — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Cumulative Rate of Culture-Confirmed TB Disease in Participants =18 Years of Age AND Culture-Confirmed or Probable (Clinical) TB Disease in Participants Less Than [<]18 Years of Age at 33 Months After Enrollment	Cumulative TB disease rate defined as number of participants =18 years old with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis [MTB]) and those <18 years old with probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, computed tomography [CT] scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for acid-fast bacilli [AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and the 990th Day of the Trial (33 months after enrollment, or end of the trial) per 100 participants with (w/)33 months of follow-up calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to Month 33
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of Culture-Confirmed TB Disease in Participants =18 Years of Age AND Culture-Confirmed or Probable (Clinical) TB Disease in Participants <18 Years of Age at 24 Months Following Completion of Study Therapy	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of participants =18 years old with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for MTB) and those <18 years old with probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and 24 months after completion of study therapy per 100 participants with up to 33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to Month 27 (3RPT/INH) or Month 33 (9INH)
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of Culture-Confirmed or Probable (Clinical) TB Disease (Regardless of Age) At 33 Months After Enrollment	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of participants (regardless of age) with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for MTB]) or probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB, or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and the 990th Day of the Trial (33 months after enrollment, or end of the trial) per 100 participants w/33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to 33 Months
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Drug Discontinuation Due to Adverse Drug Reactions Associated With 3RPT/INH or 9INH	Discontinuation of study drug due to an adverse drug reaction associated with either 3RPT/INH or 9INH was defined as discontinuing treatment and/or study due to a treatment-related adverse event (AE) (considered either possibly, probably, or definitely related to the study drug by the investigator).	Baseline up to 60 days after the last dose of study drug (Month 5 [3RPT/INH] or Month 11 [9INH])
Secondary	Percentage of Patients With Grade 3 or 4 Drug Toxicities Associated With 3RPT/INH or 9INH	Drug toxicities (or AEs) were graded using Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC version 2.0, Publish Date April 30, 1999, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program). Grade 3 and 4 drug toxicities associated with 3RPT/INH or 9INH were defined as treatment-related Grade 3 or 4 AEs (considered either possibly, probably, or definitely related to the study drug by the investigator).	Baseline up to 60 days after the last dose of study drug (Month 5 [3RPT/INH] or Month 11 [9INH])
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Death Due to Any Cause		Baseline up to Month 35
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Methadone Withdrawal Associated With 3RPT/INH and 9INH Among Participants Receiving Concomitant Methadone	Among participants concomitantly receiving methadone, the development of methadone withdrawal (defined as having >3 new symptoms for >7 days: nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, body aches, restlessness, irritability, dilated pupils, tremors, involuntary twitching, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sneezing, yawning, excessive perspiration, goose flesh, or diarrhea).	Baseline to Month 33
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Drug Discontinuation for Any Reason Associated With 3RPT/INH or 9INH	Drug discontinuations for any reason associated with 3RPT/INH or 9INH included all reasons for discontinuation from study treatment, regardless of relationship to treatment.	Baseline up to Month 3 (3RPT/INH) or Month 9 (9INH)
Secondary	Percentage of Participants Who Completed the Treatment Regimen	Completion in the 3RPT/INH arm was defined as: received 12 doses of RPT/INH within 16 weeks (12 weeks optimal). However, participants were considered to have completed therapy if at least 11 doses of RPT/INH had been received (~90%) during the 16-week time period. Completion in the 9INH arm was defined as: received 270 doses of INH within 52 weeks (39 weeks optimal). However, participants were considered to have completed therapy if at least 240 doses of INH were received (~90%) during the 52-week period.	Baseline up to Month 3 (3RPT/INH) or Month 9 (9INH)
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of Culture-Confirmed TB Disease in Participants =18 Years of Age AND Culture Confirmed or Probable (Clinical) TB Disease Among Participants <18 Years of Age Who Completed Study Phase Therapy Within 33 Months of Enrollment	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of participants =18 years old with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for MTB) and <18 years old with probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and 33 months after enrollment (for those who completed therapy within 33 months) per 100 participants w/33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to Month 33
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Resistance to Study Medications in Isolates of MTB From Participants Who Developed Active TB Disease Within 33 Months of Enrollment	Drug-susceptibility testing (DST) was performed on isolates of MTB obtained from participants who developed signs and symptoms of active TB disease (including sputum specimens or specimens from appropriate body site for extrapulmonary TB disease). DST was performed at site's local laboratory and sent to Sponsor for confirmatory susceptibility testing. DST included all drugs currently used to treat TB disease, including pyrazinamide (PZA) and fluoroquinolones. Susceptibility was tested for other drugs at the Sponsor laboratory at the following concentrations: INH, 0.02, 1.0, and 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) and rifampin (RIF), 1.0 µg/mL. Isolates resistant to RIF were assumed to be resistant to RPT.	Baseline up to Month 33
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of Culture-Confirmed or Probable TB Disease in HIV-Infected Participants Within 33 Months After Enrollment	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of HIV-infected participants =2 years old with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for MTB) or probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and the 990th day of the trial (33 months after enrollment, or end of the trial) per 100 participants w/33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline to Month 33
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of HIV-Infected Participants With Culture-Confirmed or Probable TB Disease at 24 Months After Completion of Study Therapy	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of HIV-infected participants with culture-confirmed TB (defined as positive culture for MTB) or probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and 24 months after completion of study therapy per 100 participants with up to 33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to Month 27 (3RPT/INH) or Month 33 (9INH)
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of Participants <18 Years Old With Culture-Confirmed or Probable (Clinical) TB Disease Within 33 Months of Enrollment	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of participants <18 years old with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for MTB) or probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and the 990th day of the trial (33 months after enrollment, or end of the trial) per 100 participants w/33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to Month 33
Secondary	Cumulative Rate of Participants <12 Years Old With Culture-Confirmed or Probable (Clinical) TB Disease Within 33 Months of Enrollment	Cumulative TB disease rate was defined as number of participants <12 years old with culture-confirmed TB disease (defined as positive culture for MTB) or probable (clinical) TB disease (defined as objective evidence of clinical TB disease [cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, or hemoptysis] based on history or physical exam plus radiograph, CT scan, other diagnostic tests PLUS response to antituberculosis therapy AND objective improvement of radiograph or other diagnostic tests; OR evidence of granuloma with organism positive for AFB], or caseating granulomata at autopsy or biopsy) between enrollment and the 990th day of the trial (33 months after enrollment, or end of the trial) per 100 participants w/33 months of follow-up and was calculated using survival analysis methods (Kaplan-Meier approach).	Baseline up to Month 33

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