Threatened Miscarriage Clinical Trial
Official title:
Chinese Herbal Medicine and Micronized Progesterone for Live Births in Threatened Miscarriage: An International Cooperative Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Threatened miscarriage is manifested by vaginal bleeding, with or without abdominal pain, while the cervix is closed and the fetus is viable and inside the uterine cavity. Threatened miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy occurring in 20% of all clinically recognized pregnancies and about half of these will eventually result in pregnancy loss. The goal of this double-bind, randomized and double dummy controlled trial is to determine which of the two oral medications, CHM or micronized progesterone, and will mostly likely result in live birth in women with threatened miscarriage. We will evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM and micronized progesterone for treating threatened miscarriage in this trial. Our primary outcome of this trial is a live birth. We hypothesize that: 1. treatment with CHM plus micronized progesterone placebo or micronized progesterone plus CHM placebo or CHM plus Micronized progesterone is more likely to result in live birth than the control arm which will be CHM placebo plus micronized progesterone placebo; 2. CHM plus micronized progesterone placebo and micronized progesterone plus CHM placebo will have similar treatment effects.
The causes of spontaneous miscarriage are diverse and comprise chromosomal, genetic, anatomical, immunological, hormonal, infectious and psychological factors, the other factors contribute to an increased risk include advancing paternal and maternal age and mothers with systemic diseases, such as diabetes or thyroid dysfunction. However, the incidence is difficult to determine precisely due to occur very early during a pregnancy and almost 30% of early pregnancy may go unrecognized; the pathogenesis of pregnancy loss in this condition is still remains obscure. Compared with healthy women, the women with threatened miscarriage not only were found to have increased rate of antepartum haemorrhage, prelabour rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction, but also suffer significant psychological impairment including considerable anxiety and stress, depression, sleep disturbances, anger, and marital disturbances. To date, therapies have limited effectiveness in treating threatened miscarriage and are empirical. Bed rest does not prevent pregnancy loss. Acetaminophen may have some effects on relieving pain only. The most commonly used prescription medication was human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), maintaining the luteotrophic effects to support continued secretion of estrogen and progesterone, However, the beneficial effects of hCG still cannot be verified. Progesterone is another most commonly used traditional medication to treat threatened miscarriage, maintaining the endometrial proliferation and preventing spontaneous pregnancy loss. A number of recent studies in women with threatened miscarriage that has shown a reduction in pregnancy loss with progesterone treatment. Progestogens are a group of hormones, including both the natural female sex hormone progesterone and the synthetic forms. Micronized progesterone is a kind of progesterone; it is structurally and pharmacologically very similar to natural progesterone and has good oral bioavailability. It is especially suitable for women with threatened miscarriage as it does not have androgenic or oestrogenic effects on the foetus. A recent review of maternal use of Micronized progesterone during pregnancy also found no evidence for an increased risk of congenital malformations. However it may only be suitable to treat women with threatened miscarriage who have low progesterone levels due to corpus luteum deficiency at the first trimester pregnancy. There is no evidence to identify the beneficial effects of progesterone to treat threatened miscarriage due to others factors. At the same time, progesterone treatment is also expensive. New or adjuvant treatments that are suitable to treat women with threatened miscarriage due to various factors, and readily accessible, affordable, and safe are needed. ;
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