Comparison Of Deep Versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade on Intra-Operative Blood Loss During Spinal Surgery

Spine Fracture Clinical Trial

Official title:

Comparison Of Deep Versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade on Intra-Operative Blood Loss During Spinal Surgery, Randomized Double Blinded Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05294926
• Other study ID #: spine surgery anesthesia
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: Early Phase 1
• Start date: April 1, 2022
• Est. completion date: March 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: March 2022
• Source: Assiut University
• Contact: Mohamed Refaat Shaaban Abd El-aal, Dr
• Phone: +201140541916
• Email: mohamed.20134278[@]med.au.edu.eg
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Reduction of intra-operative blood loss

Description:

Spine surgery is usually performed using a posterior approach with the patient in the prone position, but on the other hand this position causes venous engorgement in the back and increases bleeding with the risk of interruption of surgery and increases the need for blood transfusion. The prone position also produces undesirable haemodynamic changes resulting from compression of large vessels and decreased venous return to the heart. Deep neuromuscular blockade has been shown to improve surgical conditions compared with moderate neuromuscular blockade in various surgical procedures specially different laparoscopic procedures to optimize surgical field conditions. In spine surgery, although many other factors such as the body habitus of the patient and the surgical equipment are important, an improvement in surgical field conditions can be achieved through reducing muscle tension in the back, and also reducing intra-abdominal and thoracic pressure. This goal may be attainable by using deep neuromuscular blockade. Better operating conditions offer the surgeon easier access to the surgical field with less damage. However, the effect of deep neuromuscular blockade on surgical bleeding in spinal surgery in the prone position has been yet under evaluation. The investigators hypothesise that deep, compared with moderate, neuromuscular blockade would cause less surgical bleeding in spinal surgery in the prone position. The investigators aim to evaluate the effects and superiority of deep neuromuscular blockade on surgical bleeding in patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery in the prone position.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 88
• Est. completion date: March 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: January 1, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18- 65 years.
• American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA) I - III
• Patients scheduled for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (2-level or 3-level).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Urgent or emergency case or re-operation.
• History of pre-operative anticoagulant medication or an indication for peri-operative anticoagulant medication.
• ASA classification more than III.
• Age less than 16 years.
• Reduced left and right ventricular function (ejection fraction <40%).
• Previous respiratory disease or a diagnosed neuromuscular disorder.
• Pre-operative dysrhythmia.
• Allergy to neuromuscular blocking agents.
• Family history of malignant hyperthermia.
• Decreased renal function (serum creatinine level more than twice the normal range, urine output <0.5 ml kg/h, glomerular filtration ratio <60 ml/ h).

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Hemorrhage
• Spinal Fractures
• Spine Fracture

Intervention

Drug:
• Rocuronium
After applying standard monitoring of pulse oximetry, ECG, noninvasive blood pressure, general anesthesia will be induced with fentanyl 1 µg/kg and propofol 2-3 mg/kg and Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg will be administered for muscle relaxation after loss of consciousness, under the guidance of neuromuscular blockade monitoring. Tracheal intubation will be performed at a train-of-four count of 0. After that end-tidal carbon dioxide and temperature will be continuously monitored during the procedure. Mechanical ventilation will be instituted with o2:air of 4 L/min, tidal volume of 6-8 ml/kg and respiratory rate appropriate to achieving end-tidal carbon dioxide of 30-35 mmHg. no positive end-expiratory pressure; and inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1: 2. The patient's position will then be changed from supine to prone. Ephedrine 4 mg (if mean arterial pressure < 60 mmHg and heart rate < 40 bpm), or atropine 0.5 to 1.0 mg (if heart rate < 40 bpm) are used to prevent hypotension or bradycardia

Device:
• nerve stimulator
Neuromuscular blockade monitoring will be established and continuously monitored after induction using the Train Of Four (TOF) at the adductor pollicis muscle on the opposite hand and wrist to radial artery cannulation. Two surface electrocardiography electrodes will be placed on cleaned skin overlying the ulnar nerve, with one electrode positioned on the ulnar side of the flexor carpi radialis tendon and the other positioned 3cm proximal to the first. The transducer is then positioned with the flat side against the thumb. Supramaximal stimuli will be applied after autonomic calibration of acceleromyograph after an initial tetanic stimulus. After confirming a train-of-four ratio of 95 to 105%, neuromuscular blockade monitoring will start. The train-of-four mode of supramaximal stimulation (0.2 ms duration, frequency 2 Hz, two s duration) will be applied at 15 s intervals, which last until the end of anaesthesia.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Assiut University

References & Publications (9)

Dubois PE, Putz L, Jamart J, Marotta ML, Gourdin M, Donnez O. Deep neuromuscular block improves surgical conditions during laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014 Aug;31(8):430-6. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000094. — View Citation

Edgcombe H, Carter K, Yarrow S. Anaesthesia in the prone position. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Feb;100(2):165-83. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem380. Review. — View Citation

Hatada T, Kusunoki M, Sakiyama T, Sakanoue Y, Yamamura T, Okutani R, Kono K, Ishida H, Utsunomiya J. Hemodynamics in the prone jackknife position during surgery. Am J Surg. 1991 Jul;162(1):55-8. — View Citation

Kang WS, Oh CS, Rhee KY, Kang MH, Kim TH, Lee SH, Kim SH. Deep neuromuscular blockade during spinal surgery reduces intra-operative blood loss: A randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020 Mar;37(3):187-195. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001135. — View Citation

Kim MH, Lee KY, Lee KY, Min BS, Yoo YC. Maintaining Optimal Surgical Conditions With Low Insufflation Pressures is Possible With Deep Neuromuscular Blockade During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Mar;95(9):e2920. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002920. — View Citation

Martini CH, Boon M, Bevers RF, Aarts LP, Dahan A. Evaluation of surgical conditions during laparoscopic surgery in patients with moderate vs deep neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth. 2014 Mar;112(3):498-505. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet377. Epub 2013 Nov 15. — View Citation

Van Wijk RM, Watts RW, Ledowski T, Trochsler M, Moran JL, Arenas GW. Deep neuromuscular block reduces intra-abdominal pressure requirements during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 Apr;59(4):434-40. doi: 10.1111/aas.12491. Epub 2015 Feb 13. — View Citation

Wadsworth R, Anderton JM, Vohra A. The effect of four different surgical prone positions on cardiovascular parameters in healthy volunteers. Anaesthesia. 1996 Sep;51(9):819-22. — View Citation

Yokoyama M, Ueda W, Hirakawa M, Yamamoto H. Hemodynamic effect of the prone position during anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1991 Nov;35(8):741-4. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Volume of surgical bleeding.	Volume of surgical bleeding will be recorded before surgical field lavage, and again at the end of surgery, by measuring the total volume of blood collected in the suction bottle minus the lavage fluid volume used for wound irrigation.	Baseline
Secondary	surgeon's satisfaction with the operating conditions	The score for the surgeon's satisfaction (lowest, 1; highest, 5) with the surgical conditions will be assessed at the end of surgery. Extremely poor (Score 1) indicated that the surgeon is unable to work because of an inability to obtain a visible field due to inadequate muscle relaxation; poor (Score 2) indicated that there is a visible field, but the surgeon is severely hampered by inadequate muscle relaxation; acceptable (Score 3) indicated that there is a wide visible field and acceptable muscle relaxation; good (Score 4) indicated a wide working field with adequate muscle relaxation; excellent (Score 5) indicated a wide visible working field without any muscle rigidity.	Baseline