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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

NCT number NCT05756647
Other study ID # 202208175
Secondary ID
Status Recruiting
Phase Phase 2
First received
Last updated
Start date November 7, 2022
Est. completion date June 2023

Study information

Verified date March 2023
Source Washington University School of Medicine
Contact Jay F Piccirillo, MD
Phone 314-362-8641
Email piccirj@wustl.edu
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This is a randomized controlled trial for non-apneic snorers. The primary goal of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) vs conservative treatment for adults with non-apneic snoring as measured by the partners report of response to treatment (CGI-I). The secondary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of snoring on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a modified Symptoms of Nocturnal Obstruction and Related Events (SNORE-25) questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale (CGI-S)


Description:

Snoring is a problem which affects roughly half of adults, but rigorous studies on how to treat isolated snoring have not been completed. Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) show consistent improvements in sleep quality for patients with sleep apnea; however, their effect on patients with primary snoring remains less well known. The primary hypothesis proposes that adults with non-apneic snoring treated with a MAD will experience a greater reduction of snoring as measured by the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (GCI-I) Scale response of the sleeping partner. The plan is to enroll 30 participants and 30 sleeping partner participants for each arm of the trial: 120 participants, or 60 pairs, in total. Participants will use the intervention nightly for a period of 4 weeks after which an end of study visit will occur. All post intervention outcomes will be recorded at the end of the study visit. Knowledge gained from this study will help guide treatment practice and evidence-based approaches regarding non-apneic snoring.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Recruiting
Enrollment 120
Est. completion date June 2023
Est. primary completion date June 2023
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 18 Years and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: - Age = 18 - Report of snoring - Prior polysomnogram (PSG) within the past 60 months showing AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) < 5 and no more than 10% gain in body weight since the prior polysomnogram OR reasonable clinical suspicion that the participant does not have sleep apnea [Reasonable Clinical Suspicion is defined as: BMI <35, Neck circumference <16.5 inches, lack of uncontrolled hypertension, no witnessed episodes of apnea, or multiple sleep studies in the past all showing lack of sleep apnea but with >5 years since the most recent one.] - Possess a sleeping partner who sleeps in the same room as the participant for >= 4 nights a week and who can report outcomes - Access to the internet - Ability to follow up within 1 month after adequate fitting of MAD or 4 weeks of Mometasone Inclusion criteria for the sleeping partner: - Age = 18 - Possess a sleeping partner who sleeps in the same room as the participant for >= 4 nights a week and who can report outcomes - Access to the internet Exclusion Criteria: Individuals will not be allowed to participate in this study if they meet one or more of the exclusion criteria: - Significant hypoxemia as defined as SaO2 (oxygen saturation) below 89% for = 12% of the total nocturnal monitoring time - Inability to wear a MAD defined as missing more than 50% of their dentition or their dentition is not in good condition. - Prior intolerance of MAD - Current treatment for OSA - Concurrent use of sedatives or > 2 alcoholic drinks per night - Chronic nasal obstruction due to structural anatomic defects, nasal polyps, or history of unresponsiveness to nasal rinses. Sleeping partners do not have any exclusion criteria defined for this study.

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Device:
Interventional Arm
The MAD arm will consist of participants given a fitted mandibular advancement device that they will wear for the length of the study.
Combination Product:
Conservative treatment Arm
Participant will undergo a nightly medicated nasal rinse that will occur for a 4 week period, prior to beginning of the other three conservative therapy interventions. The 4-part combination therapy will take place for 4 weeks total.

Locations

Country Name City State
United States Washington University Saint Louis Missouri

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Washington University School of Medicine

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (27)

Beninati W, Harris CD, Herold DL, Shepard JW Jr. The effect of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea on the sleep quality of bed partners. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999 Oct;74(10):955-8. doi: 10.4065/74.10.955. — View Citation

Blumen MB, Quera Salva MA, Vaugier I, Leroux K, d'Ortho MP, Barbot F, Chabolle F, Lofaso F. Is snoring intensity responsible for the sleep partner's poor quality of sleep? Sleep Breath. 2012 Sep;16(3):903-7. doi: 10.1007/s11325-011-0554-5. Epub 2011 Jul 10. — View Citation

Braver HM, Block AJ. Effect of nasal spray, positional therapy, and the combination thereof in the asymptomatic snorer. Sleep. 1994 Sep;17(6):516-21. doi: 10.1093/sleep/17.6.516. — View Citation

Brown HJ, Batra PS, Eggerstedt M, Ganti A, Papagiannopoulos P, Tajudeen BA. The possibility of short-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression with high-volume, high-dose nasal mometasone irrigation in postsurgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022 Mar;12(3):249-256. doi: 10.1002/alr.22894. Epub 2021 Sep 26. — View Citation

Busner J, Targum SD. The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2007 Jul;4(7):28-37. — View Citation

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4. — View Citation

Cartwright R, Ristanovic R, Diaz F, Caldarelli D, Alder G. A comparative study of treatments for positional sleep apnea. Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):546-52. doi: 10.1093/sleep/14.6.546. — View Citation

De Meyer MMD, Vanderveken OM, De Weerdt S, Marks LAM, Carcamo BA, Chavez AM, Matamoros FA, Jacquet W. Use of mandibular advancement devices for the treatment of primary snoring with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Apr;56:101407. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101407. Epub 2020 Nov 29. — View Citation

Deeb R, Smeds MR, Bath J, Peterson E, Roberts M, Beckman N, Lin JC, Yaremchuk K. Snoring and carotid artery disease: A new risk factor emerges. Laryngoscope. 2019 Jan;129(1):265-268. doi: 10.1002/lary.27314. Epub 2018 Sep 8. — View Citation

Hoffstein V. Blood pressure, snoring, obesity, and nocturnal hypoxaemia. Lancet. 1994 Sep 3;344(8923):643-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92084-2. — View Citation

Hoffstein V. Snoring. Chest. 1996 Jan;109(1):201-22. doi: 10.1378/chest.109.1.201. No abstract available. — View Citation

Horner RL. Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2008 Sep-Oct;28(5):289-98. doi: 10.1097/01.HCR.0000336138.71569.a2. — View Citation

Jennum P, Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. Cognitive function and snoring. Sleep. 1993 Dec;16(8 Suppl):S62-4. doi: 10.1093/sleep/16.suppl_8.s62. — View Citation

Jennum P, Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. Risk of ischemic heart disease in self-reported snorers. A prospective study of 2,937 men aged 54 to 74 years: the Copenhagen Male Study. Chest. 1995 Jul;108(1):138-42. doi: 10.1378/chest.108.1.138. — View Citation

Jiramongkolchai P, Peterson A, Kallogjeri D, Lee JJ, Kukuljan S, Liebendorfer A, Schneider JS, Klatt-Cromwell CN, Drescher AJ, Piccirillo JF. Randomized clinical trial to evaluate mometasone lavage vs spray for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps who have not undergone sinus surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 Aug;10(8):936-943. doi: 10.1002/alr.22586. Epub 2020 May 29. — View Citation

Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5. doi: 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540. — View Citation

Lee SA, Amis TC, Byth K, Larcos G, Kairaitis K, Robinson TD, Wheatley JR. Heavy snoring as a cause of carotid artery atherosclerosis. Sleep. 2008 Sep;31(9):1207-13. — View Citation

Marshall NS, Wong KK, Cullen SR, Knuiman MW, Grunstein RR. Snoring is not associated with all-cause mortality, incident cardiovascular disease, or stroke in the Busselton Health Study. Sleep. 2012 Sep 1;35(9):1235-40. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2076. — View Citation

Nakano H, Ikeda T, Hayashi M, Ohshima E, Onizuka A. Effects of body position on snoring in apneic and nonapneic snorers. Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):169-72. doi: 10.1093/sleep/26.2.169. — View Citation

Parati G, Lombardi C, Hedner J, Bonsignore MR, Grote L, Tkacova R, Levy P, Riha R, Bassetti C, Narkiewicz K, Mancia G, McNicholas WT; European Respiratory Society; EU COST ACTION B26 members. Position paper on the management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: joint recommendations by the European Society of Hypertension, by the European Respiratory Society and by the members of European COST (COoperation in Scientific and Technological research) ACTION B26 on obstructive sleep apnea. J Hypertens. 2012 Apr;30(4):633-46. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328350e53b. — View Citation

Parish JM, Lyng PJ. Quality of life in bed partners of patients with obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 2003 Sep;124(3):942-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.3.942. — View Citation

Patel M, Tran D, Chakrabarti A, Vasquez A, Gilbert P, Davidson T. Prevalence of snoring in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2008 Jul-Aug;57(1):45-52. doi: 10.3200/JACH.57.1.45-52. — View Citation

Piccirillo JF. Outcomes research and obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope. 2000 Mar;110(3 Pt 3):16-20. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200003002-00005. — View Citation

Rich J, Raviv A, Raviv N, Brietzke SE. An epidemiologic study of snoring and all-cause mortality. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Aug;145(2):341-6. doi: 10.1177/0194599811402475. — View Citation

Smith SS, Oei TP, Douglas JA, Brown I, Jorgensen G, Andrews J. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med. 2008 Oct;9(7):739-44. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.08.004. Epub 2007 Oct 24. — View Citation

Troxel WM, Buysse DJ, Hall M, Matthews KA. Marital happiness and sleep disturbances in a multi-ethnic sample of middle-aged women. Behav Sleep Med. 2009;7(1):2-19. doi: 10.1080/15402000802577736. — View Citation

Yeboah J, Redline S, Johnson C, Tracy R, Ouyang P, Blumenthal RS, Burke GL, Herrington DM. Association between sleep apnea, snoring, incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in an adult population: MESA. Atherosclerosis. 2011 Dec;219(2):963-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.021. Epub 2011 Aug 22. — View Citation

* Note: There are 27 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Percent responders of Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale - Partner This will occur asynchronously through email surveys distributed through the Washington University REDCap server or through a scheduled telephone call depending on the participant's preference. The Partner will grade the improvement of the snoring on the following continuous scale, which will be the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scale:
Very Much Improved Much Improved Minimally Improved No Change Minimally Worse Much Worse Very Much Worse
The percentage of responders to treatment will then be compared between the two arms of the trial. A responder will be defined as someone who rates the response to snoring as either "Very Much Improved" or "Much Improved"
4 weeks post intervention beginning
Secondary Change in Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale The CGI-Severity Scale poses the question "On average, how much of a problem does your [partner's] snoring pose?" The 5 response options will include: no problem, mild problem, moderate problem, severe problem, problem as severe as it can be. It will be measured both at baseline and after treatment. Change in CGI-S score will be calculated and reported as a secondary outcome measure as the change in CGI-S score between the two arms. In addition, the CGI-S will be measured by the sleeping partner on a daily basis both before and after treatment. 4 weeks post intervention beginning
Secondary Change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) Score The ESS is a commonly used measure to evaluate the propensity to of a participant to fall asleep in 8 everyday scenarios "in recent times". The participant rates each situation on a scale of 0-3, with 0 being least likely to fall asleep and 3 being the most likely. Final score can range from 0-24. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score will be recorded by both the partner and the snorer at baseline and follow up. Change in ESS score will be calculated and reported as a secondary outcome measure as the change in ESS score or the difference in percentage of participates recording an ESS improvement above the Minimal Clinically Important Difference between the two arms. Baseline and 4 weeks post intervention beginning
Secondary Change in Symptoms of Nocturnal Obstruction and Related Events (SNORE-25) The SNORE-25 is a modification of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient-Oriented Severity Index (OSAPOSI) which includes 25 total items. Symptoms of Nocturnal Obstruction and Related Events (SNORE-25) score will be recorded by both the partner and the snorer at baseline and follow up.
The SNORE-25 score is calculated as the mean item score for all 25 items. The possible range for the SNORE-25 score is 0-5, with higher scores indicating greater sleep disordered-related health burden.
Impact of treatment is assessed with the SNORE-25 Change Score.
The SNORE-25 Change Score is the difference between SNORE-25 Pre-treatment and SNORE-25 Post-Treatment scores.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference. A SNORE-25 Change Score of 0.5 should be considered the minimal clinically important difference and change scores greater than this should be considered clinically meaningful.
Baseline and 4 weeks post intervention beginning
Secondary Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) The PSQI is a self-rate questionnaire which assess sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. It is composed of 19 items. PSQI score will be recorded by both the partner and the snorer at baseline and follow up. Change in PSQI score will be calculated and reported as a secondary outcome measure as the change in PSQI score or the difference in percentage of participates recording a PSQI improvement above the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (4.4) compared between the two arms. Baseline and 4 weeks post intervention beginning
Secondary Percent Responder of Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale - Snorer The Snorer will grade the improvement of their own snoring on the following scale, which will be the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scale:
Very Much Improved Much Improved Minimally Improved No Change Minimally Worse Much Worse Very Much Worse
The percentage of responders to treatment will then be compared between the two arms of the trial. A responder will be defined as someone who rates the response to snoring as either "Very Much Improved" or "Much Improved"
4 weeks post intervention beginning
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