Apoptotic Changes in Gingiva Caused by Smoking

Smoking Clinical Trial

Official title:

Apoptosis and Tissue Destruction in Gingival Tissues of Smoker and Non-smoker Periodontitis Patients

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03631498
• Other study ID #: Ozkan
• Status: Completed
• Start date: January 10, 2017
• Est. completion date: April 10, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: August 2018
• Source: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Smoking is a major environmental risk factor associated with common forms of human chronic periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate apoptotic tissue alterations and tissue destruction in smoker and non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients and healthy individuals. The investigators of the study suggest that smoking decrease tissue quality and increase inflammation level in gingival tissues in both healthy individuals and periodontitis patients. One possible mechanism for this is suggested to be increased apoptosis.

Description:

Periodontal disease disrupts soft tissue metabolism in the gingiva through a decrease in the production of collagen, the quality, and quantity of the connective tissue. The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis are mostly revealed, however, the mechanism of environmental factors such as smoking yet to be clarified. Major consequences of smoking in gingival tissues are suggested to be the reduction in neutrophil and fibroblast function, decreased immunoglobulin G production, increased periodontal pathogen bacteria prevalence, difficulty in eliminating pathogens with mechanical therapy, and reduction in growth factor production. In the present study, markers of tissue destruction, matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, hypoxia markers, vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor and apoptotic markers, bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: April 10, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: January 10, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 30 Years to 50 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age range from 30 to 45,

• the existence of at least 20 functioning teeth,

• systemical health,

• no antibiotic use within 6 months,

• no periodontal therapy within 6 months,

• no pregnancy or lactation,

• no drug use, in addition; for the smokers existence of the smoking condition for at least five years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients younger than 30 older than 50 years old,

• the absence of occlusion,

• drug use,

• pregnancy/lactation,

• previous antibiotic use,

• previous periodontal therapy,

• the existence of any systemical disease.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Chronic Periodontitis
• Periodontitis
• Smoking

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry	Tokat

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Fibroblast and total inflammatory cell counts	Fibroblast and total inflammatory cell counts in the groups were determined in a standardized 1000 micrometer square area with histomorphometric evaluation.	Biopsies were obtained a day after initial examinations, histological analysis were performed 2 weeks after.
Secondary	Apoptotic markers	Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins and enzymes related to apoptosis were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.	Biopsies were obtained a day after initial examinations, histological analysis were performed 2 weeks after
Secondary	Hypoxia and tissue destruction markers	Vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor as hypoxia markers and matrix metalloproteinase and it inhibitor as destruction markers were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.	Biopsies were obtained a day after initial examinations, histological analysis were performed 2 weeks after