Perineal Massage Performed During the Labour

Satisfaction, Patient Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effects of Perineal Massage Performed During Labor on Childbirth Comfort, Perineal Pain and Trauma in Nulliparous Women: A Quasi Experimental Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05962918
• Other study ID #: habibe4721
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: December 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: April 1, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: July 2023
• Source: Munzur University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain.

Description:

In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain. Perineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. Before perineal massage, the researcher wore sterile gloves, placed two fingers into the 3-4-cm wide-open vagina and applied Vaseline routinely to lubricate the vagina in the delivery room. . Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 182
• Est. completion date: April 1, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: March 1, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 35 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Having no complications for vaginal delivery
• Having no dystocia affecting the birth process (e.g., prolonged labor, precipitate labor, shoulder dystocia)
• Having a singleton pregnancy,
• Having a fetal head with an anterior cephalic position,
• Being at the latent phase of labor,
• Having no perineal scar tissue,
• Having no diagnosis of vaginal fungus or infection,
• Having a fetus with a birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g,
• Having no communication problems. Exclusion Criteria: -All pregnant women who developed fetal distress during labor or had to undergo cesarean delivery were excluded from the study.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Delivery Problem
• Dystocia
• Labor Pain
• Pain, Labor
• Perineal Tear
• Perineum; Injury
• Satisfaction, Patient

Intervention

Other:
• Perinal massage
Perineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. The researcher midwife gently widened the perineal muscles by making stretching movements with her fingers. Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Munzur University	Tunceli

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Munzur University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (7)

Akhlaghi F, Sabeti Baygi Z, Miri M, Najaf Najafi M. Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy. J Family Reprod Health. 2019 Sep;13(3):160-166. — View Citation

Aquino CI, Guida M, Saccone G, Cruz Y, Vitagliano A, Zullo F, Berghella V. Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Mar;33(6):1051-1063. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574. Epub 2018 Sep 19. — View Citation

Geranmayeh M, Rezaei Habibabadi Z, Fallahkish B, Farahani MA, Khakbazan Z, Mehran A. Reducing perineal trauma through perineal massage with vaseline in second stage of labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012 Jan;285(1):77-81. doi: 10.1007/s00404-011-1919-5. Epub 2011 May 26. — View Citation

Kalichman L. Perineal massage to prevent perineal trauma in childbirth. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008 Jul;10(7):531-3. No abstract available. — View Citation

Karacam Z, Ekmen H, Calisir H. The use of perineal massage in the second stage of labor and follow-up of postpartum perineal outcomes. Health Care Women Int. 2012;33(8):697-718. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.655385. — View Citation

Labrecque M, Eason E, Marcoux S, Lemieux F, Pinault JJ, Feldman P, Laperriere L. Randomized controlled trial of prevention of perineal trauma by perineal massage during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 1):593-600. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70260-7. — View Citation

Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Knibb R. The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity and its relationship to type of birth and birth risk factors. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Mar;16(3):549-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01593.x. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in perineal pain scores	The mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups were compared to determine the level of perineal pain. Women were asked to rate pain from zero to 10. A score of zero means no pain, while 10 = indicates the most severe pain experienced.	4-6 hours after the childbirth
Primary	Change in childbirth comfort scores	The "Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ)" score averages were compared to determine the birth comfort levels of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. As the score increases, high-level comfort is mentioned, as the score decreases, low-level comfort is mentioned. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 9 and 45.	4-6 hours after coming to labor
Primary	Change in perineal trauma scores	The REEDA scale mean scores were compared to determine the perineal trauma levels of the women in the experimental and control groups. The REEDA scale, consists of five variables of wound healing. These variables are redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation of the wound edges. The scale items are scored between 0 and 3 points. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 0 and 15. A higher score indicates a greater level of perineal trauma.	4-6 hours after the childbirth.

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