View clinical trials related to Respiratory Tract Infections.
Filter by:Randomized controlled double-blind non-inferiority clinical trial to determine whether five days of high-dose amoxicillin leads to comparable rates of early clinical cure compared with 10 days of high-dose amoxicillin for previously healthy children with mild community-acquired pneumonia.
The purpose of this observational study is to characterize individuals in Mexico who seek medical care for influenza-like illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI), describe seasonal pattern of the pathological agents associated with ILI and SARI and to identify changes in severity of disease caused by a specific agent.
Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are common in children under the age of 4 years, especially after the start of schooling. These conditions are facilitated by a still incomplete functional maturation of the immune system and the anatomical structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract still developing. The frequency and duration of these conditions involves a high discomfort and significant costs, in relation to medical appointments, taking medication, the need for hospitalization, days of absence from school and work days lost by parents. Functional foods derived from the fermentation of cow's milk with probiotic strains have been proposed for the prevention of infectious diseases in children. Several products have been investigated, with sometimes conflicting results. Diversity in experimental designs, populations evaluated, and bacterial strains used in the preparation of fermented products are probably responsible for these discrepancies. Recently we started a study approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Activities "Carlo Romano" of the University of Naples "Federico II" (protocol number 210/12) to evaluate the effectiveness of foods fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA-L74 in the prevention of common winter infections in school children aged between 12 and 48 months. Studies of pre-clinical phase showed anti-inflammatory activity of milk fermented with the strain Lactobacillus paracasei L74-CBA in terms of stimulation of the production of the cytokine IL-10 and decreased synthesis of IL-12, also in response to stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium. The data were obtained in in vitro studies on dendritic cells and ex vivo intestinal biopsies as well as in tests on healthy mice and on a mouse model of experimental colitis. A preliminary analysis of the data was found that subjects treated with fermented milk showed fewer infectious episodes, as well as a lower incidence of respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal, with a statistically significant difference between the study groups. It was also observed a significant increase in the levels of α- and β- defensins, LL-37 and secretory IgA in the group of subjects treated with fermented milk compared to subjects treated with fermented rice or placebo. Therefore, we decided to extend the period of study of five additional months, in order to perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of fermented milk (which was more effective)vs placebo.
The primary objectives are to evaluate relationship between nasopharyngeal microbial colonization and the occurrence of AOM or pneumonia in infants.
The primary objective of the study is to investigate the safety and tolerability of ALX-0171. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the clinical effect of ALX-0171 and to explore the pharmacodynamics (PD) and the systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of ALX-0171.
The purpose of this study is to identify and use patient centered outcomes to compare narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of common acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children.
This is Phase I, 4-period, randomized, active-and placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover, single-dose study to evaluate the effects of a therapeutic (1000 milligram [mg]) and supratherapeutic (1800 mg) dose of GSK2140944 with a positive control (moxifloxacin 400 mg) and placebo on the corrected QT interval (QTc) as assessed by continuous 12-lead Holter electrocardiograms (ECGs) in approximately 55 healthy volunteers. All subjects will receive single doses of GSK2140944 1000 mg, GSK2140944 1800 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and placebo in a randomized sequence. A double-dummy approach will be used to maintain blinding. Thus, on each dosing day, moxifloxacin or moxifloxacin placebo and GSK2140944 or placebo will be administered. Subjects will be screened within 30 days prior to entry to the clinic. Subjects will report to the clinical unit on Day -2 of Period 1 and on Day -1 in subsequent periods. Subjects will remain confined until check out procedures have been completed on Day 3 (5 days confinement in Period 1 and 4 days in the following 3 periods). There will be a washout of at least 7 days between doses. The follow-up visit will occur 7-10 days after the final dose. Total duration of the study (from screening to the follow-up visit) will be approximately 60 days.
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) account for more than 27% of all hospitalizations among US children under five years of age, with recurrent LRTIs in children a recognized risk factor for asthma. Residential biomass combustion leads to elevated indoor levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that often exceed current health-based air quality standards. PM2.5 exposure is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including a greater than three-fold increased risk of LRTIs. To date, exposure reduction strategies in wood stove homes have been either inconsistently effective or include factors that limit widespread dissemination and continued compliance in rural and economically disadvantaged populations. In this project, the investigators propose to test the efficacy of two intervention strategies for reducing indoor wood smoke PM2.5 exposures and children's risk of LRTI in three unique and underserved settings: (1) rural mountain valley communities in western Montana; (2) Navajo Nation communities; and (3) Alaska Native Villages. The investigators will conduct a three-arm randomized placebo-controlled post-only intervention trial in wood stove homes with children less than five years old. Education on best-burn practices and training on the use of simple instruments (i.e., stove thermometers and wood moisture meters) will be introduced as one intervention arm (Tx1). This intervention will be evaluated against an indoor air filtration unit arm (Tx2), as well as a placebo arm (Tx3, sham air filters). The primary outcome will be LRTI incidence among children under five years of age. To allow for detection of exposure and outcome differences within each of the three regions, a sample of 324 homes, or 108 within each study area will be equally assigned to each of the three intervention arms. The overall hypothesis is that a low-cost, educational intervention targeting indoor wood smoke PM2.5 exposures will be sustainable, and can reduce children's risk of LRTI in underserved Native and rural communities.
A critical need exists for efficient community-based interventions aimed at reduction of environmental exposures relevant to health. Biomass smoke exposures due to residential wood heating are common among rural Native American communities, and such exposures have been associated with respiratory disease in susceptible populations. In many of these communities wood stoves are the most economic and traditionally preferred method of residential heating, but resource scarcity can result in burning of improper wood fuels and corresponding high levels of indoor particulate matter. Community-based participatory research techniques will be used to adapt intervention approaches to meet the cultural context of each participating community. At the community level, investigators will facilitate local development of a tribal agency-led wood bank program ensuring that elderly and/or persons with need have access to dry wood for heating. At the household level, investigators will use a three arm randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial to implement and assess education/outreach on best burn practices (Tx1). The content and delivery strategies of the education intervention will be adapted to each community according to stakeholder input. This educational intervention will be evaluated against an indoor air filtration unit arm (Tx2), as well as a placebo arm (Tx3, sham air filters). Tx3 will be used in comparison with the other two treatment arms to evaluate the penetration and efficacy of the community-level wood bank program. Outcomes will be evaluated with respect to changes in pulmonary function measures and respiratory symptoms and conditions among household elders. The investigators hypothesize that locally-designed education-based interventions at the community and household levels will result in efficacious and sustainable strategies for reducing personal exposures to indoor particulate matter, and lead to respiratory health improvements in elderly Native populations. This study will advance knowledge of cost-effective environmental interventions within two unique Native American communities, and inform sustainable multi-level strategies in similar communities throughout the US to improve respiratory health among at-risk populations.
DelAgua Health Rwanda (Implementation) Ltd. together with Rwanda Ministry of Health (MoH) are delivering an intervention, consisting on the free distribution of one advance water filter and one improved cookstove to all household classified as ubudehe 1 and 2 according to government approved registers (poorest tertile), in Western Province. The aim of this intervention is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhoeal diseases and pneumonia in Rwanda. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) will be undertaking an independent evaluation of this large-scale intervention to assess its impact on health. The trial will evaluate whether the provision of improved cookstoves and advance water filters can reduce pneumonia and diarrhoea disease in children under 5 years of age. A cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) with two arms of unequal size (3:1 ratio) will be use to answer this question. The 96 sectors in Western Province, Rwanda, will be randomised to either receive the intervention or the control. Each eligible household in intervention sectors will receive one EcoZoom™ Spartan and one Vestergaard Frandsen Lifestraw Family™ 2.1 water filter free of charge. Eligible households in control sectors will continue with their traditional cooking and drinking practices. Health data on children under 5 years of age will be collected from community health worker (CHW) and health facility records all across Western Province to evaluate the health impact of the intervention. The study will encompass 12 months of follow-up. After this time the control sectors will receive the intervention. This independent evaluation will also include a nested village-level study within the larger sector-level study, with the aim to evaluate uptake, consistent use and acceptability of the intervention, as well as to assess the impact on environmental exposures and health outcomes. 174 villages (74 controls and 74 intervention) will be selected for participation. Household surveys will be used to collect data on intervention use and acceptability as well as on self-reported health data. Water samples will be collected and monitoring of exposure to Households Air Pollution (HAP) will be undertaken. Measurements of blood pressure, expirated Carbon monoxide (CO) and pulse CO-oximetry will be undertake in primary cooks and or children under 5 years of age. Additionally, as part of this nested study, two exploratory studies will also be conducted. One will be focused on assessing the potential of biomarkers as indicators of environmental exposures (mainly HAP and water quality) and health status, while the other exploratory sub-study will assess the reactivity of participants to the use of remotely reporting electronic sensors to measure target behaviours.