The Effect of Three Endourological Procedures for the Management of Renal Calculi Regarding Acute Kidney Injury

Renal Insufficiency Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Three Endourological Procedures for the Management of Renal Calculi Regarding Acute Kidney Injury: a Prospective Randomized 3-arm Study.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03112499
• Other study ID #: 1343/2017
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 5, 2018
• Est. completion date: June 15, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: May 2022
• Source: Institute for the Study of Urological Diseases, Greece
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The main aim of the study is to investigate and compare the possible acute effect of standard PCNL, mini-PCNL and RIRS on renal function. Secondary aims are to investigate the efficacy (stone-free rate), safety (complication rate, long-term kidney function) and other parameters (operation, fluoroscopy and hospitalization time) concerning the 3 endourological operations (PCNL, mini- PCNL, RIRS) for the treatment of renal calculi.

Description:

This is a 3-arm parallel group prospective randomized active-treatment clinical study. A total of 75 patients with renal calculi 10-30 mm in maximal diameter measured in abdominal CT scan will be recruited in this research protocol. Patient enrollment will be performed from patients referred to Urolithiasis Unit of the 1st Urology Department, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. In all potentially eligible patients full medical history, as well as demographic characteristics and drug treatment will be recorded, followed by a detailed physical examination and standard laboratory tests. Eligible patients will be randomized to receive one of the following endourological techniques of nephrolithotripsy: standard PCNL, mini- PCNL or RIRS. All eligible patients will be randomised to one of the 3 groups, consisting of 25 patients, with an equal allocation ratio (1:1). The randomization sequence will be computer generated by the study coordinating team. The primary and secondary measurements of the study will be carried in prespecified time-points that are listed below: Point 0(P0): Screening visit: Potentially eligible patients will be asked to provide written informed consent. We will record full medical history, concomitant medication, clinical examination, demographic characteristics, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI). Point 1(P1): 1st day of hospitalization (Monday or Thursday): Admission of the patient to the hospital where a routine preoperative control is conducted including: routine hematological and biochemical laboratory parameters (Hct, Hb, WBC, PLT, fasting glucose, urea, creatinine, serum electrolytes, SGOT, SGPT), chest X-ray and anesthesiological preoperative evaluation. Patient is randomized to be treated with one of the 3 endourological operations. Point 2(P2): Operation day (Tuesday or Friday), 2 hours before the operation: Urine sample is collected for measurement of urine biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18) and creatinine (baseline values). Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. Point 3(P3): Operation (PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS): Operation, fluoroscopy time and intraoperative complications are recorded Point 4(P4): 2 hours after the operation: Urine sample is collected for measurement of urine biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18) and creatinine. Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. A VAS pain score is completed. Urine output is measured. Postoperative complications are recorded. Point 5(P5): 6 hours after the operation: Urine sample is collected for measurement of urine biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18) and creatinine. Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. A VAS pain score is completed. Urine output is measured. Postoperative complications are recorded. Point 6(P6): 24 hours after the operation: Urine sample is collected for measurement of urine biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18) and creatinine. Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. A VAS pain score is completed. Urine output is measured. Postoperative complications are recorded. Point 7(P7): 48 hours after the operation: Urine sample is collected for measurement of urine biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18) and creatinine. Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. A VAS pain score is completed. Urine output is measured. Potential postoperative complications are recorded. Point 8(P8): 1 month after the operation: CT scan is conducted for confirmation of treatment success and stone free status or not. Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. Potential postoperative complications are recorded. Point9(P9): 3 months after the operation: Blood sample is collected for creatinine measurement and eGFR is calculated. Potential postoperative complications are recorded.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 75
• Est. completion date: June 15, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: March 15, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients aged > 18 years old

2. Patients with renal stone or stones of 10-30 mm in maximal diameter measured in computed tomography scan.

3. Decision of the patient to receive surgical treatment

4. Ability to understand and provide a written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Solitary kidney (functional or organic)

2. Ureteral stone in the same system causing obstruction

3. Malignant tumor in the treated kidney

4. Stone in diverticulum

5. Diabetes or coronary heart disease.

6. History of surgery in the treated kidney

7. Recent intake of drugs that affect renal function or intravenous contrast agent

8. Concomitant urinary infection

9. Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract

10. Patients of whom incomplete clinical data or incomplete samples are available

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Kidney Injury
• Calculi
• Kidney Calculi
• Nephrolithiasis
• Renal Calculi
• Renal Insufficiency

Intervention

Procedure:
• PCNL
Under general anesthesia and patient in prone position, with the use of a flexible cystoscope an open-ended ureteral catheter 5F / 70cm is positioned to the proximal ureter. Retrograde pyelography is performed and the most appropriate calyx is accessed with the use of ultrasound, under fluoroscopic guidance. A 0.035 guide wire is inserted into the ureter and then replaced with an extra stiff wire. Using either balloon (20 atm) or Amplatz serial dilators a 30F access channel is created. Lithotripsy is performed using ultrasound lithotripter and stone fragments are removed by grasping forceps. At the end of the operation a 18F Council type catheter is placed into the kidney for drainage of urine and an indwelling JJ catheter is inserted in the ipsilateral ureter. Council and JJ catheter are removed,in the absence of complications, the second and tenth postoperative day, respectively.
• mini-PCNL
Under general anesthesia and patient in prone position, with the use of a flexible cystoscope an open-ended ureteral catheter 5F / 70cm is positioned to the proximal ureter. Retrograde pyelography is performed and the most appropriate calyx is accessed with the use of ultrasound, under fluoroscopic guidance. A 0.035 guide wire is inserted into the ureter and then replaced with an extra stiff wire. Using Amplatz serial dilators a 16F access channel is created. Lithotripsy is performed using using 270mm Ho: YAG laser fiber and stone fragments are removed by grasping forceps. At the end of the operation a 10F nephrostomy tube is placed into the kidney for drainage of urine and an indwelling JJ catheter is inserted in the ipsilateral ureter. Nephrostomy tube and JJ catheter are removed, in the absence of complications, the second and tenth postoperative day, respectively.
• RIRS
Under general anesthesia and patient in lithotomy position, a 0.035 hydrophilic safety wire is inserted in the ureter under fluoroscopic guidance. Subsequently 8-10 F dilators are used for dilation of the ureter.Insertion of a second working wire follows above which a 14F ureteral sheath is placed. Lithotripsy with a flexible ureteroscope using 270mm Ho: YAG laser fiber follows.Remaining stone fragments are removed by a 2,2F nitinol basket. At the end of the operation a JJ indwelling ureteral catheter is placed over the safety wire. Discharge is performed in the absence of complications, the first postoperative day while JJ catheter is removed on the 10th postoperative day.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Greece	G.Gennimatas Hospital	Thessaloniki

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Institute for the Study of Urological Diseases, Greece

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Greece, 

References & Publications (7)

Balasar M, Piskin MM, Topcu C, Demir LS, Gürbilek M, Kandemir A, Öztürk A. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 levels in renal stone patients. World J Urol. 2016 Sep;34(9):1311-6. doi: 10.1007/s00345-016-1765-y. Epub 2016 Jan 21. — View Citation

Daggülli M, Utangaç MM, Dede O, Bodakci MN, Hatipoglu NK, Penbegül N, Sancaktutar AA, Bozkurt Y, Söylemez H. Potential biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Ren Fail. 2016;38(1):151-6. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2015.1073494. Epub 2015 Oct 19. — View Citation

Dede O, Dagguli M, Utangaç M, Yuksel H, Bodakci MN, Hatipoglu NK, Sancaktutar AA, Penbegül N. Urinary expression of acute kidney injury biomarkers in patients after RIRS: it is a prospective, controlled study. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 May 15;8(5):8147-52. eCollection 2015. — View Citation

Haase M, Bellomo R, Devarajan P, Schlattmann P, Haase-Fielitz A; NGAL Meta-analysis Investigator Group. Accuracy of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in diagnosis and prognosis in acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Dec;54(6):1012-24. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.07.020. Epub 2009 Oct 21. Review. — View Citation

Khwaja A. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;120(4):c179-84. doi: 10.1159/000339789. Epub 2012 Aug 7. — View Citation

Lin X, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Zha Y. Urine interleukin-18 in prediction of acute kidney injury: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2015 Feb;28(1):7-16. doi: 10.1007/s40620-014-0113-9. Epub 2014 Jun 5. Review. — View Citation

Vaidya VS, Waikar SS, Ferguson MA, Collings FB, Sunderland K, Gioules C, Bradwin G, Matsouaka R, Betensky RA, Curhan GC, Bonventre JV. Urinary biomarkers for sensitive and specific detection of acute kidney injury in humans. Clin Transl Sci. 2008 Dec;1(3):200-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00053.x. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The change in urine NGAL/Cr value	Urine NGAL/Cr value in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2 hours preoperative and 2 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The change in urine NGAL/Cr value	Urine NGAL/Cr value in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2 hours preoperative and 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The change in urine KIM-1/Cr value	Urine KIM-1/Cr value in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2 hours preoperative and 2, 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The change in urine IL-18/Cr value	Urine IL-18/Cr value in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2 hours preoperative and 2, 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The difference in the values of urine NGAL/Cr, KIM1/Cr and IL-18/Cr between the patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with standard PCNL and those undergone nephrolithotripsy with mini - PCNL technique	Urine NGAL/Cr, KIM1/Cr and IL-18/Cr values in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with standard PCNL or mini-PCNL technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2, 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The difference in the values of urine NGAL/Cr, KIM1/Cr and IL-18/Cr between the patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with standard PCNL and those undergone nephrolithotripsy with RIRS technique	Urine NGAL/Cr, KIM1/Cr and IL-18/Cr values in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with standard PCNL or RIRS technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2, 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The difference in the values of urine NGAL/Cr, KIM1/Cr and IL-18/Cr between the patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with mini -PCNL and those undergone nephrolithotripsy with RIRS technique	Urine NGAL/Cr, KIM1/Cr and IL-18/Cr values in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with mini-PCNL or RIRS technique will be measured using Elisa technique.	2, 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The presence of Acute Kidney Injury(AKI) in patients undergoing PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS	Potential presence of AKI in patients undergoing PCNL or mini-PCNL or RIRS for the treatment of renal stones of 10-30mm in maximal diameter according to the KDIGO criteria, defined as: Serum Cr rise of 0,3mg/dl (=26µmol/L) within 48 hours or 50-99% Cr rise from baseline within 7 days (1, 50-1, 99 x baseline) or urine output <0, 5/kg/h for more than 6 hours	from the time of operation until 48 hours postoperatively
Secondary	The change in serum creatinine and eGFR values postoperatively in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Serum creatinine levels will be measured using autoanalyzer; Calculation of eGFR will be done according to the equation CKD-EPI: GFR = 141 * min(Scr/?,1)a * max(Scr/?, 1)-1.209 * 0.993Age * 1.018 [if female] * 1.159 [if black]; *Scr is serum creatinine (mg/dL), ? is 0.7 for females and 0.9 for males, a is -0.329 for females and -0.411 for males, min indicates the minimum of Scr/? or 1, and max indicates the maximum of Scr/? or 1	1 month and 3 months postoperatively
Secondary	Percent of patients achieving treatment success and stone-free state in after undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Treatments success (considered as absence of any stone or presence of residual stone fragment 4mm); Stone-free rate (considered as absence of any stone) in CT scan	4 weeks postoperatively
Secondary	Overall complications rates in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Complications will be recorded according the Clavien Dindo grading system	from the time of operation until the 3 month follow up visit
Secondary	Operation time in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Operation time will be recorded in minutes	- from the renal puncture until the placement of the renal tube in the end of the PCNL or mini-PCNL operations/- From the insertion of the resectoscope into the bladder until the placement of the urethra catheter in the end of the RIRS operation
Secondary	Fluoroscopy time in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Fluoroscopy time will be recorded in minutes automatically by the fluoroscopic machine	from the renal puncture until the placement of the renal tube in the end of the PCNL or mini-PCNL operations/- From the insertion of the resectoscope into the bladder until the placement of the urethra catheter in the end of the RIRS operation
Secondary	Hospital stay duration in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Hospitalization time will be recorded in days	From the day of operation until the day of discharge, up to 7 days
Secondary	Postoperative pain, in all patients undergone nephrolithotripsy with PCNL, mini-PCNL or RIRS technique.	Postoperative pain will be measured by a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score	Immediately after the operation and in 2, 6, 24, 48 hours postoperatively.