View clinical trials related to Pulmonary Function.
Filter by:Household air pollution from cook stoves using solid fuels dominates total population air pollution exposures. Females and young children are disproportionately affected as they either perform or are present for the majority of cooking activities. Worldwide, household air pollution is responsible for 1.6 million premature deaths annually, largely secondary to respiratory tract infections, and 2.7% of worldwide disability-adjusted life years. Children that survive childhood are not free from disease; the WHO estimates that 35% of COPD cases worldwide are secondary to household air pollution. Reducing female and infant morbidity and mortality related to household air pollution secondary to biomass smoke exposure is a top-priority public health goal. We hypothesize that in utero biomass smoke exposure results in a fetal oxidant imbalance, which negatively impacts lung development. We will leverage the success of the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study, a randomized cook stove intervention trial of 1,415 mother-infant pairs, to examine the impact of maternal household air pollution exposure on cord blood oxidant imbalance and infant pulmonary function. We aim to enroll at least 150 infants, analyze cord blood samples for markers of oxidant imbalance and perform infant pulmonary function testing. Cord blood will also be prepared for future immune, hormonal and epigenetic testing. This study will allow us to consider interventions, such as maternal antioxidant dietary supplementation during pregnancy, to compliment existing cook stove interventions and reduce household air pollution-related morbidity and mortality.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that some nutrients can be affected lung function. Moreover, no previous studies have prospectively evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean dietary pattern in lung function in smokers. Phase II of the RESET study , a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of a motivational smoking intervention based on information obtained by spirometry (FIS project PI11/01962).
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL; NCT 01169259) is an ongoing randomized clinical trial in 25,871 U.S. men and women investigating whether taking daily dietary supplements of vitamin D3 (2000 IU) or omega-3 fatty acids (Omacor® fish oil, 1 gram) reduces the risk of developing cancer, heart disease, and stroke in people who do not have a prior history of these illnesses. This ancillary study is being conducted among participants in VITAL and will examine whether vitamin D or fish oil reduces respiratory morbidity, including COPD and asthma exacerbations, the risk of pneumonia, and airflow obstruction/decline of pulmonary function; and whether either of these interventions improves asthma control.
Our hypothesis is that radial arterial pulse may reflect the severity and airway function in asthmatics. The aims of this study are to investigate the pulse spectrim of the radial artery in adult asthmatics, and evaluate its correlation with airy inflammation an lung funtion in asthmatics.
Worldwide, esophageal cancer is the 6th most common cause of cancer-related death. Currently curative resection remains the cornerstone of the therapy. Despite advances in anesthesia, operative techniques and postoperative management, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur frequently accounting for about 30% of all postoperative complications. Most importantly, PPCs have much been associated with postoperative mortality. The diaphragm is the most important respiratory muscle and its respiratory function would be inevitably damaged when esophagectomy is performed through the left posterolateral thoracotomy (Sweet procedure) because the diaphragm must be dissected for the purpose of stomach moralization. Meanwhile, Ivor-Lewis approach may effectively avoid diaphragm injury because the stomach can be managed through a laparotomy whereas an additional abdomen incision is needed. Both procedures are routinely used in practice when surgically managing esophageal cancer. The investigators hypothesize that Ivor-Lewis procedure might be superior to the left-thoracotomy route during esophagectomy in preventing PPCs.
Lung function impairment is common after abdominal surgery. Few preventive strategies exist against postoperative lung function impairment. A new potential preventive strategy against postoperative lung function impairment comes from research on critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure. In this field research has long focused on influence of breathing volume (= tidal volume) during mechanical ventilation on outcome. It has been shown, that low tidal volumes improve patients outcomes as compared to (conventional) high tidal volumes. Therefore, we propose a patient and investigator blinded randomised trial to test the hypotheses that intraoperative mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes as compared to high tidal volumes reduces postoperative lung function impairment in high risk patients.
This study seeks to determine in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients specific improvements in pulmonary function which may occur when an infant is ventilated in the prone as compared to the supine position. Modest improvement in oxygen has been reported to occur with prone positioning, but the exact etiology for this change is not clear. A special incubator designed as an integrated care system allows routine care and the measurement of both patient and ventilator breaths during mechanical ventilation. This study will utilize this device to evaluate in NICU ventilated patients whether specific changes in pulmonary function accompany position changes, and whether these are correlated to a change in pulmonary gas exchange.