The Effect of Nebulized Albuterol on Donor Oxygenation

Pulmonary Edema Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Nebulized Albuterol on Donor Oxygenation

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00310401
• Other study ID #: 3U01HL081332-01S1
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• First received: March 1, 2006
• Last updated: February 14, 2018
• Start date: April 2007
• Est. completion date: June 2011

Study information

• Verified date: February 2018
• Source: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of albuterol versus placebo with the following specific aims: a) Treatment of brain dead organ donors with albuterol will reduce pulmonary edema, improve donor oxygenation, and increase the number of lungs available for transplantation, b) Developing a blood test to predict the development of primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients, and c) treating brain dead organ donors with albuterol will decrease markers of primary graft dysfunction and lead to improved lung transplant recipient outcomes and to higher rates of lungs suitable for transplantation.

Description:

The donor lung utilization rate in the United States remains less than 15%, and the demand for donor lungs far exceeds the available supply. The most common reasons for failure to utilize donor lungs are donor hypoxemia and/or pulmonary infiltrates. Since pulmonary edema is a common, reversible cause of hypoxemia and infiltrates in patients with brain injury, strategies to treat pulmonary edema in organ donors should lead to improved donor oxygenation and higher rates of donor lung utilization. Inhaled beta-2 agonists increase the rate of alveolar fluid clearance and reduce pulmonary edema in both animal and human lungs. In addition, our group has recently reported that the majority of human donor lungs that are rejected for transplantation have measurable pulmonary edema and respond to beta-2 agonists with increased rates of alveolar fluid clearance. Based on this compelling scientific evidence, we propose to test the efficacy of an inhaled beta-2 agonist to increase the rate of alveolar fluid clearance and reduce pulmonary edema in brain dead organ donors with the following specific aims:

Specific Aim 1: To test the effect of aerosolized albuterol on donor oxygenation in a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 500 brain dead organ donors managed over a 2 year period by the California Transplant Donor Network (CTDN).

Hypothesis 1a: Treatment of brain dead organ donors with aerosolized albuterol will improve donor oxygenation and increase the donor lung utilization rate compared to treatment with placebo.

Hypothesis 1b: Treatment of brain dead organ donors with aerosolized albuterol will reduce the severity of pulmonary edema in procured lungs compared to treatment with placebo.

Specific Aim 2: To develop and validate a panel of biological markers that can predict and diagnose acute lung injury due to primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients.

Hypothesis 2a: A panel of plasma biological markers measured in brain dead organ donors that includes markers of inflammation, coagulation, endothelial injury and lung epithelial injury will predict the development of primary graft dysfunction in the lung recipient.

Hypothesis 2b: Treatment of brain dead organ donors with inhaled beta-2 agonists will lead to reductions in levels of a panel of biological markers of inflammation, coagulation, endothelial injury, and lung epithelial injury that will be associated with increased donor lung utilization and improved recipient outcomes.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 506
• Est. completion date: June 2011
• Est. primary completion date: May 2011
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 14 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Brain death

• Consent for lung donation and donor research

• Release from coroner or medical examiner

Exclusion Criteria

• Age less than 14 years

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Brain Death
• Organ Donor
• Pulmonary Edema

Intervention

Drug:
• Albuterol
5 mg nebulized q4h
• Saline
1.0 cc diluted with saline in identical fashion to study drug and administered by nebulizer every 4 hours

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	California Transplant Donor Network	Oakland	California

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Vanderbilt University Medical Center	California Transplant Donor Network, University of California, San Francisco

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (24)

Atabai K, Ware LB, Snider ME, Koch P, Daniel B, Nuckton TJ, Matthay MA. Aerosolized beta(2)-adrenergic agonists achieve therapeutic levels in the pulmonary edema fluid of ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2002 Jun;28(6):705-11. Epub 2002 May 17. — View Citation

Avlonitis VS, Fisher AJ, Kirby JA, Dark JH. Pulmonary transplantation: the role of brain death in donor lung injury. Transplantation. 2003 Jun 27;75(12):1928-33. Review. — View Citation

Bhorade SM, Vigneswaran W, McCabe MA, Garrity ER. Liberalization of donor criteria may expand the donor pool without adverse consequence in lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000 Dec;19(12):1199-204. — View Citation

Campbell AR, Folkesson HG, Berthiaume Y, Gutkowska J, Suzuki S, Matthay MA. Alveolar epithelial fluid clearance persists in the presence of moderate left atrial hypertension in sheep. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Jan;86(1):139-51. — View Citation

Christie JD, Carby M, Bag R, Corris P, Hertz M, Weill D; ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction part II: definition. A consensus statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005 Oct;24(10):1454-9. Epub 2005 Jun 4. — View Citation

Christie JD, Kotloff RM, Pochettino A, Arcasoy SM, Rosengard BR, Landis JR, Kimmel SE. Clinical risk factors for primary graft failure following lung transplantation. Chest. 2003 Oct;124(4):1232-41. — View Citation

de Perrot M, Liu M, Waddell TK, Keshavjee S. Ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Feb 15;167(4):490-511. Review. — View Citation

de Perrot M, Snell GI, Babcock WD, Meyers BF, Patterson G, Hodges TN, Keshavjee S. Strategies to optimize the use of currently available lung donors. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Oct;23(10):1127-34. — View Citation

Matthay MA, Folkesson HG, Clerici C. Lung epithelial fluid transport and the resolution of pulmonary edema. Physiol Rev. 2002 Jul;82(3):569-600. Review. — View Citation

Matthay MA, Wiener-Kronish JP. Intact epithelial barrier function is critical for the resolution of alveolar edema in humans. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Dec;142(6 Pt 1):1250-7. — View Citation

Ojo AO, Heinrichs D, Emond JC, McGowan JJ, Guidinger MK, Delmonico FL, Metzger RA. Organ donation and utilization in the USA. Am J Transplant. 2004;4 Suppl 9:27-37. — View Citation

Perkins GD, McAuley DF, Thickett DR, Gao F. The beta-agonist lung injury trial (BALTI): a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Feb 1;173(3):281-7. Epub 2005 Oct 27. — View Citation

Rogers FB, Shackford SR, Trevisani GT, Davis JW, Mackersie RC, Hoyt DB. Neurogenic pulmonary edema in fatal and nonfatal head injuries. J Trauma. 1995 Nov;39(5):860-6; discussion 866-8. — View Citation

Sakuma T, Okaniwa G, Nakada T, Nishimura T, Fujimura S, Matthay MA. Alveolar fluid clearance in the resected human lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Aug;150(2):305-10. — View Citation

Sartori C, Allemann Y, Duplain H, Lepori M, Egli M, Lipp E, Hutter D, Turini P, Hugli O, Cook S, Nicod P, Scherrer U. Salmeterol for the prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2002 May 23;346(21):1631-6. — View Citation

Simon RP. Neurogenic pulmonary edema. Neurol Clin. 1993 May;11(2):309-23. Review. — View Citation

Sundaresan S, Semenkovich J, Ochoa L, Richardson G, Trulock EP, Cooper JD, Patterson GA. Successful outcome of lung transplantation is not compromised by the use of marginal donor lungs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Jun;109(6):1075-9; discussion 1079-80. — View Citation

Thabut G, Vinatier I, Stern JB, Lesèche G, Loirat P, Fournier M, Mal H. Primary graft failure following lung transplantation: predictive factors of mortality. Chest. 2002 Jun;121(6):1876-82. — View Citation

Verghese GM, Ware LB, Matthay BA, Matthay MA. Alveolar epithelial fluid transport and the resolution of clinically severe hydrostatic pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Oct;87(4):1301-12. — View Citation

Ware LB, Fang X, Wang Y, Sakuma T, Hall TS, Matthay MA. Selected contribution: mechanisms that may stimulate the resolution of alveolar edema in the transplanted human lung. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Nov;93(5):1869-74. — View Citation

Ware LB, Golden JA, Finkbeiner WE, Matthay MA. Alveolar epithelial fluid transport capacity in reperfusion lung injury after lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Mar;159(3):980-8. — View Citation

Ware LB, Matthay MA. Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 May;163(6):1376-83. — View Citation

Ware LB, Wang Y, Fang X, Warnock M, Sakuma T, Hall TS, Matthay M. Assessment of lungs rejected for transplantation and implications for donor selection. Lancet. 2002 Aug 24;360(9333):619-20. — View Citation

Whiting D, Banerji A, Ross D, Levine M, Shpiner R, Lackey S, Ardehali A. Liberalization of donor criteria in lung transplantation. Am Surg. 2003 Oct;69(10):909-12. — View Citation

* Note: There are 24 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Donor Oxygenation	The primary outcome was the change in oxygenation as measured by change in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio from study enrollment to organ procurement	Change from enrollment to organ procurement (about ~40h after enrollment)
Secondary	Number of Donor Lungs Used for Transplantation	Number of lungs procured and used for transplantation	72 hours
Secondary	Lung Compliance	Static compliance of the respiratory system using plateau pressure (Pplat) measured at end-inspiration and calculated using the equation static compliance = tidal volume/(Pplat - PEEP)	baseline and at organ procurement (about ~40h after enrollment)
Secondary	Pulmonary Vascular Resistance		72 hours
Secondary	Chest X-ray Findings	Chest radiographs were scored using a radiographic score that scored each quadrant for extent of radiographic infiltrates on a scale of 0 to 4, then summed each quadrant for a total score from 0 (no infiltrates) to 16 (extensive infiltrates in all 4 radiographic quadrants).	change from enrollment to organ procurement (about ~40h after enrollment)

External Links

•   Organ procurement organization participating in this study.