Neuroendocrine Risk for PTSD in Women

PTSD Clinical Trial

Official title:

The LOW E2 STUDY- Neuroendocrine Risk Mechanisms for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Women

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03973229
• Other study ID #: IRB00103595
• Secondary ID: 1R01MH117009-01A
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Early Phase 1
• Start date: November 11, 2019
• Est. completion date: August 2024

Study information

• Verified date: February 2024
• Source: Emory University
• Contact: Jennifer Stevens, PhD
• Phone: 404-778-1698
• Email: jennifer.stevens[@]emory.edu
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study will test for effects of estradiol (E2) on PTSD symptoms and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indicators of stress vulnerability, in naturally-cycling women who are not using hormonal birth control. Enrollment will be targeted to create three groups within two cohorts (early follicular phase and luteal phase):

1. PTSD: Women who meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for PTSD

2. Trauma-Exposed (TC): Women matched for age and trauma exposure severity but without PTSD

3. Healthy Control (HC): Women matched for age, but without trauma history or psychiatric disorder (self-reported)

Women will be recruited through Grady Trauma Project (GTP), a large longstanding study of civilian trauma and PTSD conducted at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia.

Description:

The majority of Americans will experience a traumatic event during their lifetimes. However, women are twice as likely as men to experience negative psychiatric outcomes following trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. The reason for the increased prevalence in women is unclear, partially because of the historical lack of investigation of females in both human and pre-clinical animal research. The researchers propose to investigate the role of sex hormones in contributing to women's risk for PTSD. The study will investigate relationships between trauma exposure and women's menstrual cycle, examining key events in the cycle, including menstruation, ovulation, and mood changes. The study will then examine relationships between the level of naturally-cycling estradiol (E2; the primary female sex hormone), and brain-based measures of stress vulnerability. This includes amygdala hyper-reactivity to threat.

The trial will study if trauma-exposed women with lower E2 levels during the luteal phase will report greater PTSD symptoms, and show more stress-vulnerable patterns of brain function. It will also examine the effects of exogenous application of estrogen on PTSD symptoms.

Women will begin tracking their cycle using a free and widely-used cycle-tracking smartphone app "Clue" for one full menstrual cycle.

• For Study Aims 1 & 2 (N=120): Participants will be contacted on the first day of their menstrual period in the second cycle, and scheduled for an MRI with a 4-day window (early follicular phase). Participants will be randomized to begin with either the E2 or placebo patch. The will receive an E2 or placebo patch 1 day prior to the MRI visit, with a blood draw on the morning of the MRI visit (to assess hormone levels), 1 hour prior to scanning. On the first day of the third cycle (onset of menses), women will all be scheduled for their second MRI visit. Participants will experience the opposite condition from their first MRI scan. They will receive an E2 or placebo patch 1 day prior to the MRI visit in the afternoon, with a blood draw on the morning of the MRI visit, 1 hour prior to scanning.

• For Study Aim 3 (N=120): Participants will begin daily urine ovulation tests on Day 11 of their cycle, and will record the results in Clue. When participants record a positive ovulation test during the second month of cycle monitoring, they will be contacted to schedule their MRI visit 5-7 days following ovulation (during the luteal phase). The experimental protocol will otherwise be the same as in Aims 1 and 2, with participants randomized to either E2 or placebo at the first visit and returning the next month for the other condition.

The scientific premise of this study is that low E2 may contribute to stress vulnerability in women. Findings may aid in the development of treatments that will enhance women's mental health outcomes following trauma.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 240
• Est. completion date: August 2024
• Est. primary completion date: August 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 35 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• African American women

• A menstrual period within the past 60 days

• Able and willing to give informed consent

• Must have a smart phone and willing to install the Clue app

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women currently taking any form of hormone-based birth control or other hormonal supplement

• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding

• Current psychoactive medication use

• Nicotine use or smoking

• Hypercoagulable conditions

• History of embolism

• Current symptoms of psychosis or bipolar disorder

• History of major head injury or neurological disorder

• Weight >250lbs (a maximum weight to allow for participants to fit comfortably inside the bore of the MRI machine) and typical physical contraindications for MRI such as metal implants

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• PTSD
• Trauma

Intervention

Drug:
• Estradiol patch
Estradiol (E2) patches at a dose of 100ug will be applied 24-48 hours before the MRI scan is performed.

Other:
• Placebo patch
Placebo patch identical to the estradiol patch will be applied 24-48 hours before the MRI scan is performed.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Grady Memorial Hospital	Atlanta	Georgia

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Emory University	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in amygdala response to fearful faces stimuli	Responses to threat cues will be assessed by fMRI responses as participants view 15 blocks each of fearful face and neutral face stimuli, while amygdala reactivity is measured.	Mid-cycle second cycle, Mid-cycle third cycle (each cycle is an average of 28 days)
Primary	Change in amygdala response to fear conditioning task	Indicators of fear conditioning will be assessed by fMRI during the fear conditioning tasks. Deficits in fear inhibition have been present in persons with PTSD and during phases of the ovarian cycle.	Mid-cycle second cycle, Mid-cycle third cycle (each cycle is an average of 28 days)
Primary	Change in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during the fear extinction task	Indicators of fear extinction will be assessed by fMRI during the fear extinction tasks. Fear extinction is impaired in persons with PTSD and depends on the vmPFC and its inhibition of amygdala responses to threat stimuli.	Mid-cycle second cycle, Mid-cycle third cycle (each cycle is an average of 28 days)
Secondary	Change in PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)	The severity of self-reported PTSD symptoms will be assessed with the PCL-5. The PCL-5 asks participants to recall the worst stressful event that is currently bothering them the most. Keeping this event in mind, participants respond to 20 questions indicating how bothered they have been by PTSD symptoms. Responses are on a 5-point scale, where 0 = not bothered at all and 4 = extremely bothered. Total raw scores range from 0 to 80 where higher scores indicate greater distress from PTSD symptoms.	Baseline, Mid-cycle second cycle, Mid-cycle third cycle (each cycle is an average of 28 days)
Secondary	Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)	The BDI-II is a 21-item instrument assessing depression. Respondents indicate how severe their feelings of depression symptoms are on a scale of 0 (not present) to 3 (most severe). Total raw scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.	Baseline, Mid-cycle second cycle, Mid-cycle third cycle (each cycle is an average of 28 days)