Effect of Pea Flour in Bread on Blood Glucose

Post-prandial Glycaemic Response Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Trial Examining the Effect of Yellow Pea Flour in Bread on Post-prandial Glycaemic Response in Healthy Adults

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03506932
• Other study ID #: HS21603 (B2018:026)
• Secondary ID: RRC/2018/1748
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: April 17, 2019
• Est. completion date: December 18, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: July 2021
• Source: St. Boniface Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study's overall goal is to investigate methods to improve the acceptability of pulse containing foods that provide a health benefit to consumers. The health benefits we are testing are post-prandial blood glucose attenuation and appetite related sensations in healthy human volunteers.

Description:

A randomized, controlled, cross-over study designed to examine the post-prandial glycaemic response, metabolism of bioactives and appetite related sensations to 20% incorporation of yellow pea flour (untreated, heat treated with 0% moisture and heat treated with 10% moisture) into bread will be conducted at the I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Eligible participants who have provided consent will be asked to attend 4 clinic visits in a fasted state. Participants will be given bread containing 20% yellow pea flour at 3 visits and bread with 100% wheat flour at 1 visit. At each visit participants will provide 7 venous blood samples via indwelling catheter, 7 capillary blood samples via finger poke, 2 urine samples, 5 questionnaires about their appetite and a questionnaire about the acceptability of the products. Each visit will last approximately 3h and be separated by 3-14 days.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 24
• Est. completion date: December 18, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: December 18, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 40 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Generally healthy male or female, between the age of 18-40 years;

2. Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30.0 kg/m2;

3. Habitually consume breakfast, lunch and dinner in the morning, mid-day and evening, respectively;

4. Willing to provide informed consent;

5. Willing/able to comply with the requirements of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or lactating;

2. Medical history of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose =6.1 mmol/L, HbA1c =6.0%, or use of insulin or oral medication to control blood sugar;

3. Medical history of cardiovascular disease;

4. Systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg;

5. Fasting plasma total cholesterol >7.8 mmol/L;

6. Fasting plasma HDL <0.9 mmol/L;

7. Fasting plasma LDL >5.0 mmol/L;

8. Fasting plasma triglycerides >2.3 mmol/L;

9. Major surgery within the last 3 months;

10. Medical history of inflammatory disease (ie. Systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis) or use of any corticosteroid medications within 3 months;

11. Medical history of liver disease or liver dysfunction (defined as plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN));

12. Medical history of kidney disease or kidney dysfunction (defined as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine =3 times the ULN));

13. Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder, daily use of any stomach acid-lowering medications or laxatives (including fibre supplements) within the past month or antibiotic use within the past 6 weeks;

14. Active treatment for any type of cancer within 1 year prior to study start;

15. Shift worker (a system of employment where an individual's normal hours of work are in part, outside the period of normal working day; 6am and 8pm);

16. Smoking, use of tobacco or a nicotine replacement product, and cannabis in any form (within the last 3 months);

17. Allergies to peas or wheat;

18. Aversion or unwillingness to eat study foods;

19. Consuming >4 servings of pulses per week;

20. Use of any prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplement known to affect glycaemia or appetite;

21. Participation in another clinical trial, current or in the past 4 weeks;

22. Unstable body weight (defined as >5% change in 3 months) or actively participating in a weight loss program.

23. Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol;

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Post-prandial Glycaemic Response

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• Untreated
Bread made with 20% yellow pea flour that was untreated.
• Heat treated with 0% moisture
Bread made with 20% yellow pea flour that was heat treated with 0% moisture.
• Heat treated with 10% moisture
Bread made with 20% yellow pea flour that was heat treated with 10% moisture.
• Wheat
Bread made with 100% wheat

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	I. H. Asper Clinical Research Institute	Winnipeg	Manitoba

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
St. Boniface Hospital	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, University of Manitoba

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Canada, 

References & Publications (17)

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European Food Safety Authority. Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to appetite ratings, weight management, and blood glucose concentrations. EFSA Journal. 10(3):2604, 2012.

Habtemariam S. A-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. Nat Prod Commun. 2011 Feb;6(2):201-3. — View Citation

Health Canada. Draft guidance document: Satiety health claims on food [Internet].; 2012. Available from: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/consult/satiety-satiete/document-consultation-eng.php

Jenkins DJ, Thorne MJ, Camelon K, Jenkins A, Rao AV, Taylor RH, Thompson LU, Kalmusky J, Reichert R, Francis T. Effect of processing on digestibility and the blood glucose response: a study of lentils. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Dec;36(6):1093-101. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/36.6.1093. — View Citation

Li H, Song F, Xing J, Tsao R, Liu Z, Liu S. Screening and structural characterization of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from hawthorn leaf flavonoids extract by ultrafiltration LC-DAD-MS(n) and SORI-CID FTICR MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2009 Aug;20(8):1496-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 Apr 14. — View Citation

Marinangeli CP, Jones PJ. Chronic intake of fractionated yellow pea flour reduces postprandial energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation. J Med Food. 2011 Dec;14(12):1654-62. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0255. — View Citation

Mitzak, M. 2007. Method for heat treatment of powdery materials (Google Patents).

Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Obesity in Canada: A joint report from the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian institute for health information. Government of Canada; 2011.

Public Health Authority of Canada. Diabetes in Canada: Facts and figures from a public health perspective. 2011.

Rabiee A, Magruder JT, Grant C, Salas-Carrillo R, Gillette A, DuBois J, Shannon RP, Andersen DK, Elahi D. Accuracy and reliability of the Nova StatStrip(R) glucose meter for real-time blood glucose determinations during glucose clamp studies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 Sep 1;4(5):1195-201. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400519. — View Citation

Rackis JJ, Sessa DJ, Honig DH. Flavor problems of vegetable food proteins. J Am Oil Chem Soc 56(3):262-71,1979.

Robinson DS, Wu Z, Domoney C, Casey R. Lipoxygenases and the quality of foods. Food Chem 54:33-43,1995.

Shariati-Ievari S, Ryland D, Edel A, Nicholson T, Suh M, Aliani M. Sensory and Physicochemical Studies of Thermally Micronized Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Green Lentil (Lens culinaris) Flours as Binders in Low-Fat Beef Burgers. J Food Sci. 2016 May;81(5):S1230-42. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13273. Epub 2016 Mar 15. — View Citation

Sievenpiper JL, Kendall CW, Esfahani A, Wong JM, Carleton AJ, Jiang HY, Bazinet RP, Vidgen E, Jenkins DJ. Effect of non-oil-seed pulses on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled experimental trials in people with and without diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009 Aug;52(8):1479-95. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1395-7. Epub 2009 Jun 13. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Hunger	Area under the curve (AUC) using visual analog scales	120 minutes
Other	Fullness	AUC using visual analog scales	120 minutes
Other	Desire to eat	AUC using visual analog scales	120 minutes
Other	Prospective consumption	AUC using visual analog scales	120 minutes
Other	Acceptability of test products	Ratings of color, aroma, flavor, texture and frequency of eating	15 minutes
Other	Gastrointestinal effects	Incidence of gastrointestinal side effects	24 hours
Primary	Post-prandial glucose	incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose	120 minutes
Primary	Post-prandial insulin	iAUC insulin	120 minutes
Secondary	Urinary metabolite profile	Concentration of metabolites in urine	120 minutes
Secondary	Plasma metabolite profile	Concentration of metabolites in plasma	120 minutes