Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Completed
Administrative data
NCT number |
NCT06023901 |
Other study ID # |
E-10840098-772.02-2860/344 |
Secondary ID |
|
Status |
Completed |
Phase |
N/A
|
First received |
|
Last updated |
|
Start date |
January 7, 2021 |
Est. completion date |
August 2, 2023 |
Study information
Verified date |
August 2023 |
Source |
Istanbul Medipol University Hospital |
Contact |
n/a |
Is FDA regulated |
No |
Health authority |
|
Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
A total of 185 subjects were divided into three categories: AP group (n=85), CP group (n=50)
and healthy control group (n=50). The AP group was divided into 3 subgroups according to
abscess scoring (AS-PAI) based on the periapical index. The CP group was divided into 4
subgroups according to the periodontitis staging system (PSS). After recording the
demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants, blood and gingival crevicular
fluid (GCF) samples were taken. TNF-α, IL-10, PGE2 and NO levels were measured in these
samples.
Description:
- Study Design This observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted at a
single center. In order to reach the planned sample size, approximately 1200 patients
who applied to the Department of Endodontics of xxxx university between June 2021 and
May 2022 due to apical periodontitis (AP) and/or chronic periodontitis (CP) were
recorded including their intraoral examination and demographic characteristics. As a
result of the examination, 85 patients with only AP (AP group) and 50 patients with only
CP (CP group), whose diagnosis was confirmed, were included in the study. Patients
having both AP and P were excluded from the study. Patients who had taken antibiotics
and/or anti-inflammatory drugs within the last 6 months and those with pregnancy or
lactation were also excluded. In addition, those with a history of using steroid or
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and high-dose biotin vitamin in the last 48 hours
were excluded from the study, as this may affect the results. A healthy control group of
50 volunteers without periodontal pathology as well as any acute/chronic disease
(muscle/joint/bone diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, local or generalized infection,
severe organ disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus) were included in the
study. Those included in the research groups; randomly selected from people with similar
gender, age and weight characteristics.
- Demographic-Clinical History Gender, age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity status of
all patients participating in the study were recorded. The patients' root canal
treatment (RCT), dental crown, composite/amalgam fillings (CF), number of missing teeth
(NMT) findings were obtained as a result of intraoral examination.
- Periapical and Periodontal Disease Scoring All teeth present in the oral cavity were
radiographed and the presence of radiolucent images associated with the periapical
region and radiographic bone loss was assessed. Panoramic radiographs, in the study,
were obtained using a digital panoramic unit (VistaPano S, Durr Dental AG, Germany),
operating at 73kVp and 10 mA with 13500 milliseconds exposure time in standard mode. For
periapical radiographs Carestream RVG 5200 (RVG; Carestream Health Inc, Atlanta, CA,
USA) system was used with an x-ray unit, setting of 70 kV, 8 mA. The bisecting angle
technique was applied in obtaining the periapical images. Then, the radiographs were
analyzed with Kodak Dental Imaging Software. From radiographic evaluation of the teeth,
the presence of periapical radiolucency without periodontal disease was considered
sufficient for AP diagnosis. Abscess scoring (AS-PAI) based on the periapical index was
performed as an indicator of disease progression within the AP group. For this scoring,
the periapical index (PAI) scoring system,10 which is a scoring system for the
radiographic evaluation of apical periodontitis, was used. Accordingly, the AP group was
divided into 3 subgroups. AS-PAI 1 (mild): those having at least 1 tooth with either PAI
3 or PAI 4, AS-PAI 2 (moderate): those having only 1 tooth with a PAI 5, AS-PAI 3
(severe): those having two or more teeth with a PAI 5.
Periodontal measurements, obtained for the study, consisted of the highest probing depths (in
milimetres) recorded around six selected teeth per participant. In this study, the CP group
was divided into 4 subgroups according to the periodontitis staging system (PSS) (Tonetti).
This system classifies the periodontitis from I to IV according to the interdental clinical
attachment loss (CAL), radiographic bone loss (RBL) and tooth loss. This scoring is as
follows: Stage 1: CAL 1 to 2 mm, RBL is at coronal third (<15%) and no tooth loss, Stage 2:
CAL 3 to 4 mm, RBL is at coronal third (15% to 33%) and no tooth loss, Stage 3: CAL > 5 mm,
RBL is extending to mid-third of root and beyond and tooth loss < 4 teeth, and Stage 4: CAL >
5 mm, RBL is extending to mid-third of root and beyond and tooth loss > 5 teeth. However,
Stage 1 and 2 were evaluated in the same group due to the low number of cases. As a result,
the groups were designed as Stage 1-2: PSS 1-2, Stage 2: PSS 2 and Stage 3: PSS 3.
• Collection of Venous Blood and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Fasting (8-10 hours) venous
blood of all participants was taken from forearm antecubital/basic veins. After keeping the
blood at room temperature for 30 minutes, it was centrifuged at 2500 xg for 10 minutes. After
centrifugation, the upper serum of the tubes was separated. Hemolysis indices (HI) of the
sera were measured to prevent optical interference. (Cobas 8000 Chemistry Analyzer, USA).
Those with a hemolysis index greater than 50 (mg/dl Hb) were excluded from the study.
Appropriate sera were stored at -80oC until the day of analysis. In addition to venous blood,
gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were also collected and were stored at -80oC under
similar conditions. On the day of analysis, all serums and GCF were first allowed to dissolve
slowly at +4 oC and then brought to room temperature before measurement.
Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken prior to periodontal probing to avoid
contamination by blood. To avoid contamination of the sample, patients were asked not to eat
or drink anything for at least 30 minutes before the procedure. Three samples were taken from
the mesial, distal and buccal surfaces of related tooth. The selected sites were isolated
with cotton roll and supragingival plaque, if present, was removed using a curette to prevent
saliva and/or plaque contamination. GCF was collected for 60 seconds using PerioPaper strips
(OraFlow Inc., NY, USA) placed gently until slight resistance was felt. The three samples
were pooled into Eppendorf tubes and then placed in the laboratory freezer at -80 °C for
storage. Periopapers were thoroughly washed in 0.5 ml eppendorf Tubes (after subtracting the
tare weight of the tube) with 100 µl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) using an automatic
pipette. Blood-stained paper strips were removed from the samples. All GCF samples were
weighed on a precision balance (Shimadzu Libror, Model AEG-220, Germany) and recorded. All
samples were thoroughly mixed with a 15-20 sec vortex device (Heidolph Reax Top Vortex,
Schwabach, Germany). This allowed GCF to pass into PBS. The paper strips were removed without
contaminating the samples and the remaining extract was stored in the freezer until the
working day. The results obtained on the study day were proportioned by weights/PBS.
• Biochemical Analyzes TNF-α, IL-10, NO and PGE2 levels in the sera of all patients were
measured in Microplate ELISA Reader (BioTek Epoch 2 Microplate ELISA Reader, USA) using the
ELISA method. Due to the insufficient amount of sample (100 µl), only NO and PGE2 levels were
measured in the GCF using the same ELISA kit.
Serum TNF-α, IL-10, NO and PGE2 levels were analyzed using ELISA plates whose wells were
pre-coated with antibody (human TNF-α, IL-10, NO or PGE2). The sensitivity of TNF-α, IL-10,
NO and PGE2 test kits (Bioassay Technology Laboratory, China) is 1.52 ng/L, 2.59 pg/mL, 1.12
µmol/L and 1.28 ng/L, measuring range 3-900 ng/L, respectively, 5-1500 pg/mL, 2-600 µmol/L
and 2-600 ng/L, CV for all tests for intraassay and interassay were < 10%.