Femoral Pediatric Fractures. Walking Spica Cast vs Synthetic Pants

Pediatric ALL Clinical Trial

Official title:

Comparative Study in the Clinical Efficacy, Satisfaction and Complications While Treating Walking Spica Cast vs Synthetic Pants in the Management of Pediatric Low-energy Femoral Shaft Fracture. Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Withdrawn

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04311866
• Other study ID #: OR19-00002
• Status: Withdrawn
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 4, 2020
• Est. completion date: January 31, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: March 2023
• Source: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Femoral pediatric shaft fractures are a common orthopedic injury. Conservative treatment is still the preferred method by orthopedic surgeons. The walking spica cast is used in patients between 1 year old and 6 years old, in patients with isolated and low-energy fractures. The use of synthetic materials is preferred (fiber glass) for resistance, durability and low weight makes them optimal.

Description:

Femoral shaft fractures are the most common orthopedic injury among the femoral fractures in pediatric patients. Approximately 70% of them, are femoral shaft fractures. In the management of this fractures, child abuse has to be discarded, considering age, history, physical examination and radiographic findings.(1) Gross et al suggest that up to 80% of the children that have not yet learned to walk, have been victims of abuse. Moreover, it is important to discard any other condition that could make the child prone to fractures, myelomeningocele, cerebral palsy, osteogenesis imperfecta, non-ossifying fibroma, etc.

Once the diagnosis is made, several variables have to be brought to account, in order to select a treatment method: associated injuries, fracture characteristics, the capability of obtaining an appropriate reduction, familiar situation and costs.

Conservative treatment is still the preferred method by orthopedic surgeons because of its cost and effectivity. Pavlik harness are used in newborns and children up to 6-12 months, it maintains the fracture aligned, it is comfortable and avoids the risk of complications associated to the cast contact with the skin.(1,2) The walking spica cast is used in patients between 1 and 6 years old. Generally this method of treatment is indicated isolated and low-energy fractures.(1) Patients in this group of age with high-energy or comminuted fractures, may require traction prior to the application of the cast. Also, positive Telescope Test may make the patient candidate to traction. In this test, under general anesthesia, a gentile force is applied along the femur, if a 3 or more centimeters shortening is present, the patient has a 20-fold risk of unacceptable shortening.(3) For the application of a cast in femoral fractures, a flexion of 90° in the hip and knee joints is preferred, because this position relaxes the flexor muscles and the hamstrings, besides, it has a lower incidence of loss of reduction and more easy easiness for transportation.(4) in previous studies there has been a loss of reduction 9 times greater in patients immobilized with the knee in less of 50°. The risk of loss of reduction is elevated twice for each centimeter of initial shortening. (1 cm: 12%; 3 cm: 50%)(5) A long cast is applied on the affected extremity, while a gentile traction is maintained and a valgus mold is applied on the fracture site. The remaining part of the cast is applied to the line of the nipples. Caution has to be taken when applying traction to the extremity because the pressure on the popliteus fossa and peroneal nerve. The use of synthetic materials is preferred (glass fiber), resistance, durability and low weight makes them optimal. To give some extra strength to the cast, fiber strips are placed anterior and posterior at the level of the groin, this can facilitate the transportation of the patient avoiding the use of a bar.

A radiographic follow-up during the first 10 days is important because the position of the reduction during the first 7 through 10 days, predicts in a important manner the final result. The cast is retired at 6 - 8 weeks. The rehabilitation therapy is not usually necessary and the parents need to be advised about a residual limp, which can last a few months.

The patient and his family´s life quality has an important role in this kind of injuries. The immediate application of a spica cast substitutes the bed traction prior to the cast application.(4) Multiple adequations have to be made: vehicle safety and transportation, daily supervision, education, home mobility, and hygiene. The home transportation has been identified as the most problematic issue and as a solution to this problem, families have to acquire a wheel chair. (1,4) Hygiene represents a prevalent issue, of minor importance, and parents should be educated about this problem. The position of the cast at 90°-90° may help to solve this issue.

Surprisingly, the need to be absent at work is not the most mentioned problem by parents,. An average of 3 weeks out of work was needed by parents to take care of their child.

Education and learning of the child is vital because of the development and socialization process that takes place during this age. (4) A home tutor works adequately, even though this represents a economic burden to the family.

Activity recovery after retrieval of the cast, such as running and playing starts until 25 days. Physical education should be postponed for one month after retrieval. (4) Surgical treatment is indicated in patients in school age, because of the quality life burden the prolonged immobilization represents. Among those treatments, the options are external fixation, intramedullary flexible nails, and plate fixation.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Withdrawn
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: January 31, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: August 31, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Months to 7 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Simple fractures (transverse or short oblique fracture)

• Less than 2 cm of shortening

• Independent walking ability

• Closed fractures

• Isolated shaft fractures

• Low energy

• Written informed consent by the parents

Exclusion Criteria:

• Polytraumatized patients

• Cranial trauma or spinal cord injury

• Articular extension of the fracture

• History of femoral shaft fracture

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Femoral Fractures
• Femoral Shaft Fracture
• Fractures, Bone
• Pediatric ALL

Intervention

Device:
• Synthetic pants
The use of synthetic materials is preferred (glass fiber), resistance, durability and low weight makes them optimal. To give some extra strenght to the cast, fiber strips are placed anterior and posterior at the level of the groin, this can facilitate the transportation of the patient avoiding the use of a bar.
• Spica cast
The use of the spica cast is a standard practice for the management of the femoral shaft fractures, however its use, under some circumstances has been related to a wrong management of the cast, auto-retrieval, patient discomfort, and a difficult situation trying to maintain personal hygiene for the patient.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Mexico	Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González". Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León	Monterrey	Nuevo León

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Mexico, 

References & Publications (7)

Anglen JO, Choi L. Treatment options in pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005 Nov-Dec;19(10):724-33. doi: 10.1097/01.bot.0000192294.47047.99. — View Citation

Buehler KC, Thompson JD, Sponseller PD, Black BE, Buckley SL, Griffin PP. A prospective study of early spica casting outcomes in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995 Jan-Feb;15(1):30-5. doi: 10.1097/01241398-1995010 — View Citation

Epps HR, Molenaar E, O'connor DP. Immediate single-leg spica cast for pediatric femoral diaphysis fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4):491-6. doi: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000217724.08794.e4. — View Citation

Ferguson J, Nicol RO. Early spica treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000 Mar-Apr;20(2):189-92. — View Citation

Flynn JM, Schwend RM. Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004 Sep-Oct;12(5):347-59. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200409000-00009. — View Citation

Hughes BF, Sponseller PD, Thompson JD. Pediatric femur fractures: effects of spica cast treatment on family and community. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995 Jul-Aug;15(4):457-60. doi: 10.1097/01241398-199507000-00009. — View Citation

Illgen R 2nd, Rodgers WB, Hresko MT, Waters PM, Zurakowski D, Kasser JR. Femur fractures in children: treatment with early sitting spica casting. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998 Jul-Aug;18(4):481-7. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Bone consolidation	Evaluate the bone consolidation during the follow-up, with standard two position x-ray (anteroposterior and lateral) according to Stans classification. When grade 0 represents the absence of indentifiable bone callus; grade 1 primary bone callus with little or no periosteal new bone formation; grade 2 periosteal new bone formation on both sides of bone, and grade 3 represents periosteal new bone formation in three or four sides of the bone	42 days
Secondary	Bone angulation	Evaluate and compare the angulation in all planes (varus, valgus, antecurvature or recurvatum) in two standard x-ray images (anteroposterior and lateral)	42 days
Secondary	Bone shortening	The shortening it was measured in centimeters in two standard X-ray projections, and compared between the two groups	42 days