Robotic Versus Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic and Periampullary Tumors

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Clinical Trial

— PORTAL  

Official title:

Robotic Versus Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic and Periampullary Tumors: A Multicenter Phase III Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04400357
• Other study ID #: KY2020-93
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 15, 2020
• Est. completion date: November 30, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: April 2022
• Source: Ruijin Hospital
• Contact: Jiabin JIN, PhD
• Phone: 008618101870031
• Email: jjb11501[@]rjh.com.cn
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This multicenter randomized trial aims to primarily assess and compare the functional recovery of patients who undergo open versus robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and malignant lesions of the head of the pancreas.

Description:

The PORTAL trial is a Phase 3 multicenter non-inferiority randomized controlled trial that aims to address the question of feasibility and efficacy of the robotic minimally invasive approach in pancreaticoduodenectomy.

In the past 10 years there has been an increasing number of retrospective series from major centers for pancreatic surgery worldwide, that demonstrate similar and occasionally improved postoperative outcomes in patients who undergo a robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple). The benefits of this minimally invasive approach appear to be decreased intraoperative estimated blood loss, lower postoperative pain levels and smaller length of hospital stay, whereas postoperative complications rates are comparable with the standard open approach.

This trial is conducted in multiple major centers for pancreatic surgery (open and robotic) in China and aims to address these questions in a prospective fashion. All eligible patients who present to these centers within the study period will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either of the two arms (open vs. robotic). Patients enrolled in the study will be blinded regarding the type of the procedure by application of identical wound dressings at the trocar sites and the open incision. Patients will be followed up closely and will be evaluated routinely for quality of life parameters for a period of at least 2 years postoperatively. Additionally, patients who undergo surgery in either arm for pancreatic adenocarcinoma will also be evaluated for time to adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively, as well as recurrence and survival data.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 244
• Est. completion date: November 30, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: October 7, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with an indication for elective pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant, premalignant, and symptomatic benign disease in the pancreatic and periampullary region

• Performance status of 0/1 (assessed based on comorbidities using the Karnofsky score and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score among others, especially for patients with malignant disease)

• Imaging with computed tomography and/or MRI pancreas performed within 8 weeks for benign and 4 weeks for malignant disease; for the latter tumor staging with MRI liver, CT chest, and Cancer Antigen 19-9 is also mandatory.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index > 35 kg/m2

• Pregnancy

• Previous history of major abdominal surgery

• Requirement for multivisceral resection (additional surgical resection)

• Preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma)

• Involvement of major regional vessels by the tumor (portal and superior mesenteric vein, superior mesenteric artery, hepatic artery, celiac artery) as defined by the borderline resectable and locally advanced nomenclature

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Adenocarcinoma
• Ampullary Adenocarcinoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepatic
• Chronic Pancreatitis
• Duodenal Adenocarcinoma
• Endocrine Gland Neoplasms
• Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
• Pancreatic Cyst
• Pancreatic Cysts
• Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
• Pancreatitis
• Pancreatitis, Chronic

Intervention

Procedure:
• Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy
Patients in this arm will undergo a pancreaticoduodenectomy with robotic-assisted techonology.
• Open pancreaticoduodenectomy
Patients in this arm will undergo an open pancreaticoduodenectomy which is the standard surgical approach.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine	Shanghai	Shanghai

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Ruijin Hospital	Intuitive Surgical

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (9)

Girgis MD, Zenati MS, King JC, Hamad A, Zureikat AH, Zeh HJ, Hogg ME. Oncologic Outcomes After Robotic Pancreatic Resections Are Not Inferior to Open Surgery. Ann Surg. 2021 Sep 1;274(3):e262-e268. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003615. — View Citation

McMillan MT, Zureikat AH, Hogg ME, Kowalsky SJ, Zeh HJ, Sprys MH, Vollmer CM Jr. A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Robotic vs Open Pancreatoduodenectomy on Incidence of Pancreatic Fistula. JAMA Surg. 2017 Apr 1;152(4):327-335. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4755. — View Citation

Nassour I, Winters SB, Hoehn R, Tohme S, Adam MA, Bartlett DL, Lee KK, Paniccia A, Zureikat AH. Long-term oncologic outcomes of robotic and open pancreatectomy in a national cohort of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Aug;122(2):234-242. doi: 10.1002/jso.25958. Epub 2020 Apr 29. — View Citation

Podda M, Gerardi C, Di Saverio S, Marino MV, Davies RJ, Pellino G, Pisanu A. Robotic-assisted versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients with benign and malignant periampullary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term outcomes. Surg Endosc. 2020 Jun;34(6):2390-2409. doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-07460-4. Epub 2020 Feb 18. — View Citation

Shi Y, Jin J, Qiu W, Weng Y, Wang J, Zhao S, Huo Z, Qin K, Wang Y, Chen H, Deng X, Peng C, Shen B. Short-term Outcomes After Robot-Assisted vs Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy After the Learning Curve. JAMA Surg. 2020 May 1;155(5):389-394. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0021. — View Citation

Shi Y, Wang W, Qiu W, Zhao S, Wang J, Weng Y, Huo Z, Jin J, Wang Y, Deng X, Shen B, Peng C. Learning Curve From 450 Cases of Robot-Assisted Pancreaticoduocectomy in a High-Volume Pancreatic Center: Optimization of Operative Procedure and a Retrospective Study. Ann Surg. 2021 Dec 1;274(6):e1277-e1283. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003664. — View Citation

Zhao W, Liu C, Li S, Geng D, Feng Y, Sun M. Safety and efficacy for robot-assisted versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Oncol. 2018 Sep;27(3):468-478. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 4. — View Citation

Zureikat AH, Beane JD, Zenati MS, Al Abbas AI, Boone BA, Moser AJ, Bartlett DL, Hogg ME, Zeh HJ 3rd. 500 Minimally Invasive Robotic Pancreatoduodenectomies: One Decade of Optimizing Performance. Ann Surg. 2021 May 1;273(5):966-972. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003550. — View Citation

Zureikat AH, Postlewait LM, Liu Y, Gillespie TW, Weber SM, Abbott DE, Ahmad SA, Maithel SK, Hogg ME, Zenati M, Cho CS, Salem A, Xia B, Steve J, Nguyen TK, Keshava HB, Chalikonda S, Walsh RM, Talamonti MS, Stocker SJ, Bentrem DJ, Lumpkin S, Kim HJ, Zeh HJ 3rd, Kooby DA. A Multi-institutional Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes of Robotic and Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg. 2016 Oct;264(4):640-9. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001869. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Time to functional recovery postoperatively	Daily evaluation of patient postoperative course will take place by the nursing and medical staff and will be documented by the study coordinators. Postoperative criteria that need to be fulfilled independently to achieve functional recovery status are the following: Discontinuation of intravenous or subcutaneous analgesia and preservation of adequate control levels (pain score); Early ambulation and restoration of mobility to an independent level (or to preoperative level if previously impaired); Ability to maintain sufficient oral caloric intake as defined by institutional dietitian services, without intravenous fluid support; No clinical signs of active abdominal infection affecting the patient's performance status: absence of fever, white cell count and C-reactive protein decreasing towards normalization. The patient can be in oral antibiotics.	From date of surgery to date of functional recovery as described, assessed up to 90 days.
Primary	Percentage of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who achieve administration of adjuvant chemotherapy at 8 weeks postoperatively	The number of patients who are fit and well to initiate adjuvant chemotherapy at the 8-week mark after the operation will be documented and compared between the two arms	Postoperative Day 1 to Day 56
Secondary	Intraoperative blood loss	Comparison of estimated blood loss (in ml)	During surgery
Secondary	Operative time	Comparison of operative time (in minutes, from first incision to skin closure)	During surgery
Secondary	Postoperative complication rates and associated interventions	Comparison of post-pancreatectomy morbidity between the two surgical approaches, that focus on: Pancreatic fistula; Bile leak; Chyle leak; Delayed gastric emptying; Surgical site infection; Postoperative pancreatitis; Postoperative hemorrhage; Surgical site infections; Other complications Additional documentation of re-intervention (radiological, endoscopic, or surgical) and re-admission rates, as well as postoperative hospital and ICU length of stay (time to discharge)	Postoperative Day 1 to Day 30
Secondary	Postoperative mortality	Comparison of mortality rates as a result of the pancreaticoduodenectomy in each arm	Postoperative Day 1 to Day 90
Secondary	Quality of life measurements	For assessment of postoperative quality of life (QoL) improvement, patients will be evaluated with the established EuqoQol EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, which is a self-reported assay focusing on five parameters: Pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, usual activities, self-care, and mobility. Each of the five aforementioned parameters is scored from 0 to 5 (no issue, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable); patients also score independently their health status on a scale numbered from 0 to 100; 100 means the best health they can imagine, and 0 the worst.; Answered questionnaires will be collected on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, and afterwards every week until day 30. QoL evaluation will terminate at Day 90.	Postoperative Day 1 to Day 90
Secondary	Margin resection status (R) in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma	In a sub-cohort of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the margin resection status (R) will be assessed and compared: R0 is defined as presence of tumor >1mm from the resection margin, R1 as presence of tumor =1mm from the resection margin.; Number of harvested lymph nodes; Number of positive lymph nodes (infiltrated by tumor); Tumor size, degree of differentiation, perineural and lymphovascular invasion	During surgery
Secondary	Differences in locoregional lymphadenectomy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma	In a sub-cohort of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the number of harvested and positive lymph nodes (infiltrated by tumor) will be assessed and compared between the two groups.	During surgery
Secondary	Postoperative recurrence in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who undergo resection in each arm will be followed postoperatively to document disease recurrence, defined as the re-presentation of measurable tumor after resection.	Postoperative Day 1 up to 5 years after surgery
Secondary	Postoperative survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who undergo resection in each arm will be followed postoperatively to document overall survival, defined as the time between date of operation and date of death.	Postoperative Day 1 up to 5 years after surgery
Secondary	Perioperative costs	Comparison of cost between the two groups, defined as the combination of intraoperative and postoperative costs, measured in US Dollars.	Postoperative Day 1 to Day 90
Secondary	Effect of operative approach on circulating biomarkers in the postoperative setting	Enrolled patients in the study will be consented for peripheral blood draws in multiple time-points to assess the amount of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and assess potential differences between the two groups in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The blood draws will occur: 1. immediately pre-operatively, 2. Postoperative days 2, 7, and 30.	Postoperative Day 1 to Day 30
Secondary	Comparison of perioperative inflammatory response (C-reactive protein)	Patients C-reactive protein (CRP, measured in ng/L) will be assessed with peripheral blood draws on the day of operation, and postoperative days 1, 3, and 7.	Day of surgery to Postoperative Day 7
Secondary	Comparison of perioperative inflammatory response (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio)	Patients neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, defined as the division of absolute neutrophil number to absolute lymphocyte number) will be assessed with peripheral blood draws on the day of operation, and postoperative days 1, 3, and 7.	Day of surgery to Postoperative Day 7
Secondary	Comparison of perioperative inflammatory response (Interleukin-6)	Patients Interleukin 6 (IL-6, measured in pg/mL) will be assessed with peripheral blood draws on the day of operation, and postoperative days 1, 3, and 7.	Day of surgery to Postoperative Day 7