Studies of Dextromethorphan and Topiramate to Treat Oral and Facial Pain

Pain Clinical Trial

Official title: Clinical Trials in Orofacial Neuralgias

Status Completed

Clinical Trial Summary

This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of two drugs-dextromethorphan and topiramate-in treating orofacial (mouth and face) pain. Dextromethorphan, a commonly used cough suppressant, and topiramate, an anti-seizure medicine, block certain receptors on brain and spinal nerve cells that may cause the cells to produce electrical discharges and pain.

Patients 18 years of age and older with oral and facial pain with trigeminal nerve damage and who have had pain daily for at least 3 months may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history, physical examination, blood tests and psychiatric evaluation. These results will serve as baseline values for participants. Those enrolled in the study will take either dextromethorphan or topiramate in a 2-part study as follows:

Dextromethorphan

In Part 1, patients will take dextromethorphan and lorazepam (a commonly used anti-anxiety drug) separately in two 6-week periods. (Lorazepam is used in this study as an "active placebo" for comparison with dextromethorphan. An active placebo is a drug that does not work for the problem being studied but whose side effects are like those of the test drug.) They will take dextromethorphan for 4 weeks to determine the maximum tolerated dose (the highest dose that does not cause troubling side effects) and will stay on that dose for the remaining 2 weeks. Then they will repeat this process with lorazepam. Patients who respond to either drug may continue with Part 2 of the study, which compares these two drugs four more times to confirm the response seen in Part 1. In Part 2, the maximum tolerated dose will be determined in a 2-week period and that dose will be continued for another 2 weeks. This procedure will be repeated eight times. Throughout the study, patients will keep a daily pain diary. They will be contacted by telephone 2 to 3 times a week during dose escalation to check for side effects. At the end of each of the two 6-week periods in Part 1 and at the end of each 4-week period in Part 2 of the study, patients will have a 1-hour clinic visit. Participants who live more than a few hours' drive from NIH will have a full telephone follow-up evaluation instead of the clinic visits.

Topiramate

Patients who receive topiramate will follow a plan similar to that described above for dextromethorphan, with the following exceptions. They will take topiramate and an inactive placebo (a look-alike pill that has no active ingredients) in two separate 12-week periods. Patients' maximum tolerated dose will be determined in the first 8 weeks and they will stay on that dose for the remaining 4 weeks of each period. Patients who respond to the medication in Part 1 may continue with Part 2 to confirm the response. Part 2 consists of six 6-week periods. The first 4 weeks of each will be used to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the patient will remain on that dose for the next 2 weeks. Patients will keep a daily pain diary and will be contacted by phone 2 to 3 times a week while doses are being increased. Patients who complete Part 2 of the topiramate study may participate in another phase of the study that will last for 2 years. Those who continue for this phase will take topiramate for the 2-year period. They will be followed regularly by a study nurse and will come to NIH every 6 months for a follow-up visit.

Clinical Trial Description

Some of the clinical features of trigeminal and other facial neuralgias suggest that these painful disorders may be associated with sensitization of central nervous system neurons. Laboratory evidence has shown that central sensitization can be produced and maintained by excitatory amino acids (e.g. glutamate) acting on neurons at NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptor sites. Given this information, and the need for more effective treatments of orofacial neuropathic pain syndromes, two possible candidates worthy of study are 1) dextromethorphan, an NMDA receptor antagonist and 2) topiramate, an anticonvulsant drug with AMPA/kainate receptor blocking activity. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate (TPM) or high-dose dextromethorphan (DM) versus placebo in the treatment of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and other orofacial neuropathic pain syndromes. We propose two 6 month studies respectively evaluating dextromethorphan (60 patients; at least 20 with TN, 20 with definite trigeminal nerve pathology and 20 with likely trigeminal nerve pathology) and topiramate (40 patients; at least 20 with TN, 20 with definite trigeminal nerve pathology). These will be double-blind randomized crossover designs comparing high-dose dextromethorphan (DM) versus lorazepam (LOR) (as an active placebo) OR topiramate versus inactive placebo. The primary study outcome measure (in both parts) will be overall daily pain assessed by Gracely pain intensity descriptors. Other recorded data will include adverse drug effects, the frequency, severity and duration of pain paroxysms and a questionnaire focusing on daily function (modification of the Brief Pain Inventory). ;

Study Design

Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Facial Neuralgia
• Neuralgia
• Pain
• Trigeminal Neuralgia

• NCT number: NCT00001725
• Study type: Interventional
• Source: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: December 1997
• Completion date: January 2002