Pain, Postoperative Clinical Trial
Official title:
Comparison of Caudal Bupivacaine Alone With Bupivacaine Plus Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Infra-umbilical Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Study
The aim of this prospective randomized double-blind study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and the side effects of two doses of dexmedetomidine (1 and 2 µg.kg-1) co-administered with bupivacaine with bupivacaine alone for caudal analgesia in children undergoing infra-umbilical surgery.
- Quality assurance plan for data validation and registry: After Data was registered, it
was reviewed by a second person who compared it to the Data in patient data collection
forms.
- Data check: carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
variable definition protocols. Also data were entered in EXCEL sheets for comparisons
to guarantee consistency.
- Source data verification: Paper case report forms and medical records.
- Standard Operating Procedures to address registry operations and analysis activities:
Eligible patients were recruited after obtaining consent. Data was collected by
qualified personnel rained on the process. Data was entered into Excel sheets and SPSS
programs and compared for consistency. Analysis of Data was carried out by a qualified
statistician. Adverse events were reported as yes/no variables. Data of patients who
had Change in management was omitted from analysis.
- Sample size assessment: Sample size was calculated to detect a 65% reduction in the
analgesic requirement during the first 24 h from 75% in the bupivacaine group with α=
0.05 and β=0.80.
- Plan for missing data: Patients with missing Data were omitted from statistical
analysis.
- Statistical analysis plan: carried out using International Business Machines (IBM)
statistics 19.0 statistical package for windows. Data were compared using analysis of
variance for continuous variables, Kruskal-Wallis test for ordinal, and chi square test
for categorical ones. Post hoc analyses were carried out as appropriate.
;
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment
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