Effects of Nasal-spraying LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Clinical Trial

Official title:

Application of LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Disease in Children Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05164692
• Other study ID #: 2020S-06
• Secondary ID: 4711/QD-BVNTU
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: August 29, 2020
• Est. completion date: August 29, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: December 2021
• Source: National Children's Hospital, Vietnam
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Rationals: Infection with the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of respiratory tract diseases. However, treatment for pediatric RSV infection remains supportive to prevent co-infection bacteria and respiratory failure. In recent years, preventive and supportive probiotic therapies for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have been increasingly strengthened, however, the use of oral administrative probiotics as functional foods is effective only for mild symptoms and not applicable for Acute RTIs (ARTIs). Here, we propose that direct spraying of probiotics into the nose can be a fast and effective symptomatic treatment for ARTIs. Objectives: Investigate symptomatic treatment effects of probiotic product LiveSpo Navax, as liquid-suspension form containing Bacillus spores of safe B. subtilis ANA4 and B. clausii ANA39 strains, in children having acute respiratory diseases caused by RSV: - Primary Objective: Evaluation of improved efficacy and reduced treatment time of LiveSpo Navax in children infected with RSV. - Secondary Objectives: Measurement of changes in RSV viral load, co-infectious bacterial concentrations, and major cytokine indicators in the nasopharyngeal mucosa before and after 3 days using LiveSpo Navax. Endpoints: Primary endpoint: LiveSpo Navax alleviates RSV-infection symptoms about 25% more effectively, as indicated by 90% of patients using LiveSpo Navax (Navax group) are symptom-free at day 3-6 of intervention depending on symptoms, compared to 65% of patients in Control group. Secondary endpoint: Patients in Navax group had more significant reductions in RSV load (>10 fold) than patients in Control group at day 3 of intervention. Study Population: Sample size is 100. Description of Sites: The study is carried out at Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Description of Study Intervention: Totally 100 eligible patients are divided randomly into 2 groups (n = 50/group each): Patients in Control group received the routine treatment and three times per day 0.9% NaCl physiological saline while the and patients in Navax group received three times per day LiveSpo Navax in addition to the same standard of care treatment. The standard treatment regimen is 3-6 days but can be extended further depending on the severity of the patients' respiratory failure. Study Duration: 12 months

Description:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common virus that causes Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTIs) in young children, with a high risk of serious bronchiolitis. RSV infection symptoms range from mild fever, cough, runny nose, and wheezing to severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing and respiratory failure. Cytokines in the airways of children with bronchiolitis, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8, have been shown to increase at a very high level in primary RSV infection, and extreme elevation of IL-6 is associated with sudden death in children with RSV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 160,000-600,000 children under the age of five die or hospitalize each year as a result of RSV infection. There is currently no vaccine or specific treatment for RSV-infected children because monoclonal antibody palivizumab therapy and antiviral nucleotide drug ribavirin are either too expensive or too dangerous for children and are only recommended for high-risk patients. In recent years, preventive and supportive therapies for respiratory tract infection have grown in popularity, with probiotics emerging as promising safe candidates for therapeutic support and antibiotic reduction. It is suggested that probiotics can capture viruses through direct interactions, or produce secondary growths that inhibit virus growth or stimulate the immune system to capture virus intrusion. However, the efficacy of oral digested probiotics on children's respiratory tracts has been slow to develop (normally it takes about 3-12 months) and is primarily used for prevention rather than supportive treatment of ARITs. As a result, alternative delivery routes for probiotics in the treatment of ARTIs are required. The aim of the study about to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal-spraying probiotics containing two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus clausii in preventing and in supporting the treatment of children having acute respiratory symptoms due to RSV infection. Methods: A randomized, blind, and controlled clinical trial are conducted. The patient's parents are required to provide the following information of their children: full name, sex, age, obstetric history, vaccination history, antibiotic use history… After informed consent, 100 patients with ARTIs due to RSV will be randomized into 2 groups (n = 50/group): the control group (named "Control" group) use 0.9% NaCl physiological saline and an experimental group (named the "Navax" group) use the probiotics LiveSpo Navax. The patient is given a coded spray in the form of a blind sample to ensure the objectivity of the study. The clinical follow-up will be 6 days, nasopharyngeal samples will be collected at day 0 and day 3 to evaluate potential reductions in viral load and co-infection bacteria, as well as modulation of overreacted cytokine release and the presence of probiotic spores in the patient's nasal mucosa. Real-time PCR for detection of microorganism in nasopharyngeal samples: semi-quantitative assays for measuring changes in RSV load and co-infection bacterial concentrations is conducted by the real-time RT-PCR/PCR routine protocol which has been standardized under ISO 15189:2012 criteria and used in Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Detection of B. subtilis ANA4 and B. clausii ANA39 are also conducted by real-time PCR SYBR Green that has been standardized under ISO 17025: 2017 standard and routinely in the Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science. ELISA assays for cytokine levels: pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (pg/mL) including interleukin (IL-6, IL-8) and TNF-alpha are quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. During treatment, patients are monitored daily for typical clinical symptoms of RSV-induced respiratory tract infections, including runny nose, chest depression, difficulty breathing, dry rales, moist rales, body temperature (oC), oxymetry (SpO2) (%), pulse (beats/min), and breath (beats/min) until discharged. The patients' health conditions are observed by doctors and nurses, and their pieces of information are filled in medical records. During this study, parents' patients are asked to abstain from consumption for their children of other probiotics, either via nasal spray or oral administration and refrain from cleaning nose for their children with other 0.9% NaCl physiological saline sprayers. Data collection and statistical analysis: individual medical records are collected, and the patient's information is then gathered and systematized in a data set. The efficacy of LiveSpo Navax is evaluated and compared to 0.9% NaCl physiological saline based on the following clinical and sub-clinical criteria obtained in Navax and Control groups: (i) the symptomatic-relieving day; (ii) the reduction levels (2^△Ct) of RSV load and co-infection bacteria concentrations. △Ct for target genes is calculated as Ct (threshold cycle) at day 3 - Ct at day 0 while Ct of internal control is adjusted to be equal among all samples; (iii) the reduction levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha cytokines. The tabular analysis is performed on dichotomous variables using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test when the expected value of any cell is below five. Continuous variables are compared using either the Wilcoxon test, t-test, or the Mann-Whitney test when data are not normally distributed. The correlations among the variables are assessed by Spearman's correlation analysis. Statistical and graphical analyses are performed on GraphPad Prism v8.4.3 software (GraphPad Software, CA, USA). The significance level of all analyzes is set at p < 0.05. P-values. Expected outcomes: (i) LiveSpo Navax alleviates RSV-infection symptoms about 25% more effectively, as indicated by 90% of patients using LiveSpo Navax (Navax group) are symptom-free at day 3-6 of intervention depending on symptoms, compared to 65% of patients in Control group; (ii) Patients in Navax group has more significant reductions in RSV load (>10 fold) than patients in Control group at day 3 of intervention.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 100
• Est. completion date: August 29, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: June 16, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 4 Months to 60 Months

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children (male/female) aged from 4 to 60 months.
• Admitted hospital due to lower respiratory infection.
• RSV is positive by rapid test.
• Parents of the pediatric patient agree to participate in the study, explain and sign the research consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Newborn babies.
• Have a history of drug allergy.
• Need oxygen therapy.
• Discharged before day 3.
• Lost to follow-up.
• Withdrawn from the trial.
• Continuing in the trial but missing data.
• Meeting the criteria for psychiatric disorders other than depression and/or anxiety.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
• Communicable Diseases
• Infections
• Respiratory Tract Infections

Intervention

Combination Product:
• LiveSpo Navax
In Vietnam, LiveSpo Navax is manufactured as a Class-A medical device product (Product declaration No.210001337/PCBA-HN) under manufacturing standards approved by Hanoi Health Department, Ministry of Health, Vietnam (Certificate No YT117-19) and ISO 13485:2016.

Drug:
• 0.9% NaCl physiological saline
Nasal-spraying 0.9% NaCl physiological saline is prepared by extracting 5 mL from 0.9% NaCl intravenous infusion 500 mL PP bottle (B.Braun, Germany, product declaration No. VD-32732-19), and then pouring it into the same opaque plastic spraying 10 mL-bottle that is used for LiveSpo Navax.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Vietnam	International Center, Vietnam National Children's Hospital	Hanoi

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Children's Hospital, Vietnam

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Vietnam, 

References & Publications (34)

Anderson LJ, Dormitzer PR, Nokes DJ, Rappuoli R, Roca A, Graham BS. Strategic priorities for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development. Vaccine. 2013 Apr 18;31 Suppl 2:B209-15. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.106. Review. — View Citation

Arnold R, Humbert B, Werchau H, Gallati H, König W. Interleukin-8, interleukin-6, and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I release from a human pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549) exposed to respiratory syncytial virus. Immunology. 1994 May;82 — View Citation

Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, Marteau P, Schrezenmeir J, Vaara M, Valtonen V. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 15;36(6):775-80. Epub 2003 Mar 5. Review. — View Citation

Caly L, Ghildyal R, Jans DA. Respiratory virus modulation of host nucleocytoplasmic transport; target for therapeutic intervention? Front Microbiol. 2015 Aug 14;6:848. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00848. eCollection 2015. Review. — View Citation

Chotirmall SH, Gellatly SL, Budden KF, Mac Aogain M, Shukla SD, Wood DL, Hugenholtz P, Pethe K, Hansbro PM. Microbiomes in respiratory health and disease: An Asia-Pacific perspective. Respirology. 2017 Feb;22(2):240-250. doi: 10.1111/resp.12971. Review. — View Citation

Collins PL, Murphy BR. Respiratory syncytial virus: reverse genetics and vaccine strategies. Virology. 2002 May 10;296(2):204-11. Review. — View Citation

Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion. 2006;73(2-3):107-10. Epub 2006 Jun 20. — View Citation

Domachowske JB, Anderson EJ, Goldstein M. The Future of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Prevention and Treatment. Infect Dis Ther. 2021 Mar;10(Suppl 1):47-60. doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00383-6. Epub 2021 Mar 3. Review. — View Citation

Elshaghabee FMF, Rokana N, Gulhane RD, Sharma C, Panwar H. Bacillus As Potential Probiotics: Status, Concerns, and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol. 2017 Aug 10;8:1490. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01490. eCollection 2017. Review. — View Citation

Fazle Rabbee M, Baek KH. Antimicrobial Activities of Lipopeptides and Polyketides of Bacillus velezensis for Agricultural Applications. Molecules. 2020 Oct 27;25(21). pii: E4973. doi: 10.3390/molecules25214973. Review. — View Citation

Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchant DJ. Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Infection, Detection, and New Options for Prevention and Treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Jan;30(1):277-319. Review. — View Citation

Hong JE, Kye YC, Park SM, Cheon IS, Chu H, Park BC, Park YM, Chang J, Cho JH, Song MK, Han SH, Yun CH. Alveolar Macrophages Treated With Bacillus subtilis Spore Protect Mice Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus A2. Front Microbiol. 2019 Mar 12;10:447 — View Citation

Kakimoto Y, Seto Y, Ochiai E, Satoh F, Osawa M. Cytokine Elevation in Sudden Death With Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Case Report of 2 Children. Pediatrics. 2016 Dec;138(6). pii: e20161293. Epub 2016 Nov 10. — View Citation

Lefevre M, Racedo SM, Ripert G, Housez B, Cazaubiel M, Maudet C, Jüsten P, Marteau P, Urdaci MC. Probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis CU1 stimulates immune system of elderly during common infectious disease period: a randomized, double-blind placebo-control — View Citation

Lehtoranta L, Pitkäranta A, Korpela R. Probiotics in respiratory virus infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Aug;33(8):1289-302. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2086-y. Epub 2014 Mar 18. Review. — View Citation

Li KJ, Chen ZL, Huang Y, Zhang R, Luan XQ, Lei TT, Chen L. Dysbiosis of lower respiratory tract microbiome are associated with inflammation and microbial function variety. Respir Res. 2019 Dec 3;20(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1246-0. — View Citation

Lima SF, Teixeira AG, Higgins CH, Lima FS, Bicalho RC. The upper respiratory tract microbiome and its potential role in bovine respiratory disease and otitis media. Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 1;6:29050. doi: 10.1038/srep29050. — View Citation

Marseglia GL, Tosca M, Cirillo I, Licari A, Leone M, Marseglia A, Castellazzi AM, Ciprandi G. Efficacy of Bacillus clausii spores in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children: a pilot study. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Mar;3(1):13-7. — View Citation

Nguyen SN, Nguyen TNT, Vu LT, Nguyen TD. Clinical Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Bronchiolitis Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Vietnamese Children. Int J Pediatr. 2021 Nov 15;2021:9704666. doi: 10.1155/2021/9704666. e — View Citation

Oggioni MR, Pozzi G, Valensin PE, Galieni P, Bigazzi C. Recurrent septicemia in an immunocompromised patient due to probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jan;36(1):325-6. — View Citation

Piewngam P, Zheng Y, Nguyen TH, Dickey SW, Joo HS, Villaruz AE, Glose KA, Fisher EL, Hunt RL, Li B, Chiou J, Pharkjaksu S, Khongthong S, Cheung GYC, Kiratisin P, Otto M. Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference. Nature. 2018 — View Citation

Principi N, Cozzali R, Farinelli E, Brusaferro A, Esposito S. Gut dysbiosis and irritable bowel syndrome: The potential role of probiotics. J Infect. 2018 Feb;76(2):111-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.013. Epub 2017 Dec 29. Review. — View Citation

Raveendran S, Parameswaran B, Ummalyma SB, Abraham A, Mathew AK, Madhavan A, Rebello S, Pandey A. Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;56(1):16-30. doi: 10.17113/ftb.56.01.18.5491. Review. — View Citation

Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, Sanders ME, Shamir R, Swann JR, Szajewska H, Vinderola G. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postb — View Citation

Shahbazi R, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Alsadi N, Ismail N, Matar C. Probiotics in Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and Neuroinflammatory Disorders. Molecules. 2020 Oct 22;25(21). pii: E4891. doi: 10.3390/molecules25214891. Review. — View Citation

Shi T, McAllister DA, O'Brien KL, Simoes EAF, Madhi SA, Gessner BD, Polack FP, Balsells E, Acacio S, Aguayo C, Alassani I, Ali A, Antonio M, Awasthi S, Awori JO, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Baggett HC, Baillie VL, Balmaseda A, Barahona A, Basnet S, Bassat Q, Bas — View Citation

Sonawane AR, Tian L, Chu CY, Qiu X, Wang L, Holden-Wiltse J, Grier A, Gill SR, Caserta MT, Falsey AR, Topham DJ, Walsh EE, Mariani TJ, Weiss ST, Silverman EK, Glass K, Liu YY. Microbiome-Transcriptome Interactions Related to Severity of Respiratory Syncyt — View Citation

Song M, Hong HA, Huang JM, Colenutt C, Khang DD, Nguyen TV, Park SM, Shim BS, Song HH, Cheon IS, Jang JE, Choi JA, Choi YK, Stadler K, Cutting SM. Killed Bacillus subtilis spores as a mucosal adjuvant for an H5N1 vaccine. Vaccine. 2012 May 9;30(22):3266-7 — View Citation

Starosila D, Rybalko S, Varbanetz L, Ivanskaya N, Sorokulova I. Anti-influenza Activity of a Bacillus subtilis Probiotic Strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Jun 27;61(7). pii: e00539-17. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00539-17. Print 2017 Jul. — View Citation

Tavares Batista M, Souza RD, Paccez JD, Luiz WB, Ferreira EL, Cavalcante RC, Ferreira RC, Ferreira LC. Gut adhesive Bacillus subtilis spores as a platform for mucosal delivery of antigens. Infect Immun. 2014 Apr;82(4):1414-23. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01255-13. E — View Citation

Ugonna K, Douros K, Bingle CD, Everard ML. Cytokine responses in primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus infections. Pediatr Res. 2016 Jun;79(6):946-50. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.29. Epub 2016 Feb 16. — View Citation

Valdivieso-Ugarte M, Gomez-Llorente C, Plaza-Díaz J, Gil Á. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Essential Oils: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2019 Nov 15;11(11). pii: E2786. doi: 10.3390/nu11112786. — View Citation

Wang X, Li Y, Deloria-Knoll M, Madhi SA, Cohen C, Ali A, Basnet S, Bassat Q, Brooks WA, Chittaganpitch M, Echavarria M, Fasce RA, Goswami D, Hirve S, Homaira N, Howie SRC, Kotloff KL, Khuri-Bulos N, Krishnan A, Lucero MG, Lupisan S, Mira-Iglesias A, Moore — View Citation

Yang L, Zeng X, Qiao S. Advances in research on solid-state fermented feed and its utilization: The pioneer of private customization for intestinal microorganisms. Anim Nutr. 2021 Dec;7(4):905-916. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.002. Epub 2021 Sep 16. Revie — View Citation

* Note: There are 34 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Percentage of patients with free respiratory symptoms	Percentage (%) of RSV-infected patients with free respiratory symptoms including runny nose, chest depression, difficulty breathing, dry rales, and moist rales	Day 0 to day 6
Secondary	Patient's breath	RSV-infected patient's breath (beats/min) before and after nasal-spraying	Day 0 to day 6
Secondary	Patient's pulse	RSV-infected patient's pulse (beats/min) before and after nasal-spraying	Day 0 to day 6
Secondary	Patient's temperature	RSV-infected patient's temperature (oC) before and after nasal-spraying	Day 0 to day 6
Secondary	Patient's pulse oxygen (SpO2)	RSV-infected patient's pulse oxygen-SpO2 (%) before and after nasal-spraying	Day 0 to day 6
Secondary	RSV concentration	Concentration of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal samples, as indicated by real time PCR threshold cycle (Ct) value	Day 0 and day 3
Secondary	Co-infection bacterial concentrations	Co-infection bacterial concentrations in nasopharyngeal samples, as indicated by real time PCR threshold cycle (Ct) values	Day 0 and day 3
Secondary	Cytokines levels	Levels (pg/mL) of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in nasopharyngeal samples	Day 0 and day 3

External Links

•   Novel insight on probiotic Bacillus subtilis: mechanism of action and clinical applications.