Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Trial
Official title:
Motor Proficiency in School Age ADHD: Contribution of Different Comorbidities
In this study, aged 6-10 years, male, right hand dominant, diagnosed with ADHD, accepting to
take part in the study and applying to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department between
October 1, 2018 - October 1, 2019 were included in the research group.As for the control
group, boys between 6-10 years of age with no mental symptoms described by their teachers or
parents and showing healthy development were selected by convenience sampling method and snow
ball method. Height and weight measurements of all the children participated in the study
were performed. The sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers was completed by
both the research and the control group families.
In the sample, the Corners' Parent Scale- Revised Short Form (CPS-R:SF) was used to evaluate
the severity of ADHD symptoms.The hand preferences of all participants in the research and
control groups were evaluated with Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.Motor skills were evaluated
with the 2nd Version of Bruininsky-Oseretsky Motor Competence Test (BOT-2).Hand skills were
evaluated with the 9-Hole Peg Test.Visual perception skills were evaluated with 3rd Version
of Visual Perception Test without Motor Ability (MVPT-3). Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
Parent Form were filled by the parents of children in the research and control groups for
quality of life. In the study, there are five groups: ADHD, ADHD + Specific learning
disorders, ADHD + Oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD + Anxiety Disorder and children with
typical development group.
In this study, aged 6-10 years, male, right hand dominant, diagnosed with ADHD, accepting to
take part in the study and applying to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department between
October 1, 2018 - October 1, 2019 were included in the research group. A total of 106
children with head trauma or known neurological disease, clinically diagnosed as comorbid tic
disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, conduct disorder,
mental retardation, or autism spectrum disorder, or children previously excluded from
physical therapy program were evaluated according to the research method. As for the control
group; 30 boys between 6-10 years of age with no mental symptoms described by their teachers
or parents and showing healthy development were selected by convenience sampling method and
snow ball methodHeight and weight measurements of all the children participated in the study
were performed. The sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers was completed by
both the research and the control group families.
In the sample, the Corners' Parent Scale- Revised Short Form (CPS-R:SF) was used to evaluate
the severity of ADHD symptoms (Conners, 1997).
The hand preferences of all participants in the research and control groups were evaluated
with Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.
Motor skills were evaluated with the 2nd Version of Bruininsky-Oseretsky Motor Competence
Test (BOT-2). It is a standard test commonly used by physiotherapists to detect coarse and
fine motor problems in children aged 4-21 years. It has both short and long form. The short
form was used in our study. The short form of BOT-2 consists of 8 subtests: fine motor
precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, speed
of movement and agility, upper extremity coordination and strength. Not only can the score of
each subtest of the test be calculated separately but it can also be calculated as fine motor
skill, gross motor skill, both fine and gross motor skill and total motor skill score.
Hand skills were evaluated with the 9-Hole Peg Test. The nine-hole Peg Test is a quick,
simple and manual skill test that is particularly sensitive to changes in upper extremity
performance. The test material consists of nine small rods made of standard sizes and nine
perforated boards into which they are placed. In our study, insertion and removal periods for
both dominant and nondominant hands were recorded separately.
Visual perception skills were evaluated with 3rd Version of Visual Perception Test without
Motor Ability (MVPT-3). MVPT-3 is a fast, reliable test that tests visual perception without
motor skills in children and adults (ages 4-65). The test consists of 65 questions and the
first 40 questions were developed to test school-age children in terms of visual perception
without motor skills as follows: visual discrimination (1-8), form constancy (9-13), visual
memory-I (14-21), visual closure (22-34), visual differentiation (35-40). Total visual
perception score and scores from each category were calculated separately. Pediatric Quality
of Life Inventory Parent Form were filled by the parents of children in the research and
control groups for quality of life. The scale has separate parent and child forms for the
groups of 5-7 years, 8-12 years and 13-18 years. Scoring of the scale is done in 3 areas.
Firstly, scale total score (STS) is calculated, and secondly, physical health total score
(PHTS) is calculated. Thirdly, psychosocial health total score (PHTS) is calculated, which
consists of calculating item scores evaluating emotional, social and school functionality. In
the study, there are five groups: ADHD, ADHD + Specific learning disorders, ADHD +
Oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD + Anxiety Disorder and children with typical development
group.
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