Risk Stratification-directed NAC for Prevention of Poor Hematopoietic Reconstitution

Stem Cell Transplant Complications Clinical Trial

Official title:

Risk Stratification-directed N-acetyl-L-cysteine for Prevention of Poor Hematopoietic Reconstitution After Unmanipulated Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation--an Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03967665
• Other study ID #: NAC prevention of PGF and PT
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: October 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: October 1, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: September 2021
• Source: Peking University People's Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment of malignant hematopoietic diseases. However, poor hematopoietic reconstitution including poor graft function (PGF) and prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (PT), remains a life-threatening complication after allo-HSCT. Especially with the increasing use of haploidentical allo-HSCT (haplo-HSCT) in the past ten years, PGF and PT have become growing obstacles contributing to high morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT. Due to the limited mechanism studies, the clinical management of PGF and PT is challenging.

Recent prospective case-control studies reported that the reduced and dysfunctional bone marrow (BM) endothelial cells (ECs) after allo-HSCT are involved in the pathogenesis of PGF and PT. Moreover, in vitro treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could enhance the defective hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through repairing the dysfunctional BM ECs of PGF and PT patients. The investigators performed a small-scale pilot cohort study and saw encouraging clinical results that oral administration with NAC could partially repair the dysfunctional BM ECs and improve megakaryocytopoiesis in PT patients, which suggests that NAC is a promising drug in PT patients after allo-HSCT. In addition, prior prospective trial of the investigators suggests that BM ECs<0.1% pre-HSCT is the risk factor for occurrence of the PGF and PT two months following allo-HSCT. Previous single-arm clinical cohort studies of the investigators showed that prophylactic use of NAC before allo-HSCT reduced the incidence of poor hematopoietic reconstitution after allo-HSCT in patients with ECs <0.1% pre-HSCT.

Therefore, the investigators designed the study with acute leukemia patients who will be scheduled to receive haplo-HSCT. The patients who are in the first complete remission at time of haplo-transplant will be enrolled in the study. Exclusive criteria are bronchila asthma and NAC allergy. The enrolled patients were risk-stratified into BM ECs≥0.1% group (low-risk group) and BM ECs<0.1% group (high-risk group). Patients in high-risk group (ECs<0.1%) will be randomized to 1 of 2 arms: (a) NAC 400 mg three times per day from 14 days pre-HSCT to 2 months post-HSCT, (b) No-NAC concurrent control according to a 2:1 schedule. The aim of the trail is to assess the effects of NAC for prevention of poor hematopoietic reconstitution in patients with acute leukemia undergoing haplo-HSCT.

Description:

This study is designed as a phase III, open-label, randomized study assessing the safety and efficacy of NAC (400 mg, orally, three times daily) versus no-NAC control for prevention of poor hematopoietic reconstitution in patients with acute leukemia undergoing haploidentical HSCT in a 2:1 ratio. The study will consist of three phases: a pre-randomization phase, a treatment phase, and an observational follow-up phase.

The screening period: Patients will be screened during a 1 week screening period prior to entering the trial to allow for the collection of BM samples to evaluate the quantity and function of BM ECs at 21-14 days before HSCT. The enrolled patients were risk-stratified into BM ECs≥0.1% group (low-risk group) and BM ECs<0.1% group (high-risk group). Approximately 126 patients with BM EC <0.1% at day-14 pre-HSCT (84 patients in NAC treatment arm and 42 patients in control arm) will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to 1 of 2 arms: (a) NAC 400 mg three times per day, (b) No-NAC concurrent control.

The treatment phase: Study medication will be administered orally, 400 mg three times daily from -14 days pre-HSCT to +2 months post-HSCT. All patients should continue their pre study dose of NAC throughout trial participation. Following randomization, patients will have 3 hospitalized or at-clinic trial visits at day 0 before-HSCT and 1, 2 months post-HSCT to evaluate efficacy, safety, tolerability and compliance with study medication. Patients will be contacted by trial site staff on a monthly basis between visits beginning with day 0.

The observational follow-up phase: Upon completion of the trial participation phase all eligible patients will enter an open label follow-up phase. Clinic visits will occur every 3 months (± 1 week).

Patients will have a pretreatment bone marrow aspiration conducted and have a follow up bone marrow aspiration conducted at day0 before-HSCT and 1, and 2 months post-HSCT. All patients who complete or discontinue from the trial, for any reason, will have a follow up visit, 4 weeks after their last dose of study medication. The primary outcome is the incidence of PGF and PT at 2 months after HSCT, as well as the safety. Secondary endpoints included cumulative incidences of relapse (CIR), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), the related laboratory evaluation of ECs and HSC in BM microenvironment, etc.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 130
• Est. completion date: October 1, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: September 5, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 15 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Acute leukemia in the first complete remission (CR1) at time of haplo- transplant.

• Age = 15 years.

• Contraception: Female patients of childbearing potential must use = 1 effective (= 1% failure rate) method of contraception during the trial and until the end of treatment visit.

• Must provide written informed consent and agree to comply with the trial protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History or presence of allergy to NAC.

• History or presence of clinically concerning Bronchial asthma.

• Non-CR1 leukemia at time of transplant.

• Patients undergoing transplant from donors other than haploidentical relatives.

• Patients who have previously participated in a clinical trial of NAC.

• If female: known pregnancy, or has a positive urine pregnancy test (confirmed by a positive serum pregnancy test), or lactating.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Stem Cell Transplant Complications

Intervention

Drug:
• N-acetyl-L-cysteine
NAC 400 mg three times per day from -14D pre-HSCT to +2 months post-HSCT

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Peking University People's Hospital	Beijing

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Peking University People's Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The incidence of poor hematopoietic reconstitution at 2 months post-HSCT	The incidence of poor hematopoietic reconstitutio at 2 months post-HSCT	2 months post-HSCT
Secondary	Cumulative incidences of relapse at one year post-HSCT	Cumulative incidences of relapse at one year post-HSCT.	1 year after transplantation
Secondary	Cumulative incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease for 100 days post-HSCT	Cumulative incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease for 100 days post-HSCT	100 days after transplantation
Secondary	Non-relapse mortality during 1 year post-HSCT	Non-relapse mortality during 1 year post-HSCT	1 year after transplantation
Secondary	Overall survival during 1 year post-HSCT	Overall survival during 1 year post-HSCT	1 year after transplantation
Secondary	Disease free survival during 1 year post-HSCT	Disease free survival during 1 year post-HSCT	1 year after transplantation
Secondary	Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events during oral administration of NAC.	Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events during oral administration of NAC.	14 days pre-HSCT to 2 months post-HSCT.
Secondary	Effect of NAC on ECs percentage at 0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT	ECs percentages at 0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT	0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT
Secondary	Effect of NAC on HSCs percentagesat 0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT	HSCs percentages at 0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT	0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT
Secondary	Effect of NAC on MKs numbers at 0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT	MKs numbers at 0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT	0 day pre-HSCT, 1 month, 2 months post-HSCT
Secondary	Incidence of viral infection until 100 days post-HSCT.	Incidence of viral infection until 100 days post-HSCT.	100 days post-HSCT.