| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Adults =18 years of age with more than 24 hours of urinary symptoms attributable to a
UTI
2. Able to provide informed consent
3. Clinically documented pyelonephritis or complicated urinary tract infection:
1. Pyelonephritis with normal anatomy
2. Complicated UTI as defined by one or more of the following factors:
i. The presence of an indwelling catheter ii. >100 mL of residual urine after voiding
iii. Neurogenic bladder iv. Obstructive uropathy due to nephrolithiasis, tumor or
fibrosis v. Azotemia due to intrinsic renal disease vi. Urinary retention in men
possibly due to benign prostatic hypertrophy vii. Surgically modified or abnormal
urinary tract anatomy
4. At least two of the following signs or symptoms:
1. Rigors, chills or fever/hypothermia
2. Flank pain or pelvic pain
3. Nausea or vomiting
4. Dysuria, urinary frequency or urinary urgency
5. Costovertebral angle tenderness on physical examination
5. A mid-stream urine specimen with:
1. a dipstick analysis positive for nitrite AND
2. evidence of pyuria as defined by either: i. a dipstick analysis positive for
leukocyte esterase AND/OR ii. at least 10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter
on microscopic analysis of unspun urine AND/OR iii. White blood cell count =10
cells/high-powered field in urine sediment
Exclusion Criteria
1. Receipt of effective antibacterial drug therapy for complicated urinary tract
infection (cUTI) for a continuous duration of more than 24 hours during the previous
72 hours. Patients who have objective documentation of clinical progression of cUTI
while on antibacterial drug therapy, or patients who received antibacterial drugs for
surgical prophylaxis and then develop cUTI, may be appropriate for enrollment.
2. Subjects with an organism isolated from the urine within the last year known to be
resistant to ertapenem
3. Severe structural or functional urinary tract abnormality responsible for an
intractable infection which in the opinion of the investigator would require > 10 days
of therapy or post-treatment prophylaxis (eg. patients with chronic vesiculo-ureteral
reflux).
4. Uncomplicated UTI
5. Patients with paraplegia/quadriplegia
6. Hypotension with systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg
7. Complicated UTI associated with complete obstruction, emphysematous pyelonephritis,
known or suspected renal or perinephric abscess or expected to require surgical
intervention (not placement of catheters) to achieve cure
8. Patients with a known history of myasthenia gravis
9. Patients who require concomitant administration of tizanidine or valproic acid
10. Patients with a history of allergy to carbapenems or quinolones or
amoxicillin-clavulanate or other beta-lactams, or hypersensitivity to probenecid
11. Renal transplantation
12. Patients requiring dialysis
13. Acute or chronic prostatitis
14. High risk for cUTI caused by Pseudomonas sp. (eg,. history of prior UTI due to
Pseudomonas species, recent steroid use, others)
15. Chronic indwelling catheters or stents
16. Ileal loops or vesico-urethral reflux
17. Recent trauma to the pelvis or urinary tract within the prior 30 days
18. History of seizures
19. Patients with a history of blood dyscrasias
20. Patients with a history of uric acid kidney stones
21. Patients with acute gouty attack
22. Patients on chronic methotrexate therapy
23. Females of child-bearing potential who are unable to take adequate contraceptive
precautions, have a positive pregnancy test result within 24 hours of study entry, are
otherwise known to be pregnant, or are currently breastfeeding an infant.
24. Male subjects must agree to use of an effective barrier method of contraception during
the study and for 14 days post treatment
25. Patients known to have a history of liver or kidney disease or neutropenia as defined
by the following baseline laboratory criteria:
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 3 X Upper
Limit of Normal
- Total bilirubin > 2 X Upper Limit of Normal
- Neutropenia (<1000 cells/mm3)
26. Patients participating in any other clinical study that involved the administration of
an investigational medication
27. Patient immunocompromised
28. Patients unlikely to comply with the protocol
29. Patients considered unlikely to survive the 4-week study period or has a rapidly
progressive or terminal illness
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