Night Wetting and Day Wetting, Menstruation's Disorders, Urolithiasis, Defects of Urinary Clinical Trial
Background: Squamous metaplasia refers to the pathological transformation of the urothelium
leading to non-keratinised stratified squamous metaplasia (N-KSM).
Objective: To present the investigators experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of N-KSM
of the urinary bladder in children.
Design, setting, and participants: In this study, the investigators present their
experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of N-KSM of the urinary bladder in children aged
from 5 to 17 years. From 2005 to 2013, metaplasia was diagnosed in 119 patients - 116 girls
and 3 boys. The reasons behind visiting the hospital were non-specific intense pain in the
abdomen, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urination disorders. The most common
symptoms of urinary bladder dysfunction were pollakiuria and difficulties in initiating
micturition and retention of urine (reduced detrusor muscle activity).
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: In 20 patients (16.8%), metaplasia was
incidentally diagnosed during cystoscopy performed for other causes. Only the children whose
bladders showed metaplastic changes on cystoscopy were subjected to a bladder biopsy for
collecting specimens for further histopathological examination.
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Observational Model: Case Control, Time Perspective: Retrospective