Cephalic Phase, Oncology Patients Clinical Trial
Official title:
Cephalic Phase of Oncology Patients Before and After Chemotherapy as Compared to Healthy Controls
The objective of this trial is to examine the cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release as indicators of the cephalic phase occurrence and magnitude to palatable food stimulus (chocolate cake) in oncology patients before and after chemotherapy treatment as compared to healthy controls . This may enlighten our understanding of the etiology of taste dysfunction and anorexia during chemotherapy treatments.
Food stimulation of gastric and pancreatic secretion is classically divided into cephalic,
gastric and intestinal phases.
Cephalic phase refers to a simultaneous activation of gastrointestinal motility, gastric
acid and pancreatic enzyme secretion ,as well as, release of hormones from the endocrine
pancreas which occurs through activation of vagal -efferents as a result of food-related
sensory stimuli such as taste and smell prior to nutrient absorption and which coincides
with a thermogenic response.
Of the cephalic phase secretions, cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR) has received the
most attention, but pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon responses have also been
studied. While the magnitude of cephalic phase insulin release is relatively small (25%
above baseline), pancreatic polypeptide increases 100% above baseline. The large magnitude
of the PP response makes it a sensitive indicator of vagal activation to food stimuli.
In most experiments, subjects are either exposed to visual and olfactory stimulation by
seeing and smelling the food stimulus or are required to perform a modified sham-feed, i.e.
to taste, chew and then expectorate the food stimulus.
In general, cephalic phase are thought to be preparatory responses before ingestion of food.
Because of their small magnitude, the physiological significance of the cephalic phase
hormonal responses has been largely discounted. However, there is evidence that experimental
prevention of CPIR lead to hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Therefore, CPIR may
contribute to glucose homeostasis /regulation. Moreover CPIR may be an indicator of hunger
and could be important for understanding eating disorders.
In parallel with these hormonal secretion ,an increase in energy expenditure has been also
observed .This thermogenic response to food is even greater with sham feeding than with
normal feeding and is paralleled by changes in RQ showing enhanced carbohydrate oxidation.
Disorders of taste are prevalent symptom in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The literature
suggests that 36% to71% of patients report a distressing change in taste which often have a
negative impact on quality of life and nutrition. It is unknown whether the cephalic phase
of oncology patients may also be disturbed.
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Allocation: Non-Randomized, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Basic Science