Mechanical Ventilation Complication Clinical Trial
Official title:
Respiratory Drive and Inspiratory Effort in COVID-19 Associated ARDS: a Multicentric Prospective Observational Study
Data comparing respiratory drive and effort in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated to different severity of COVID-19 penumonia (CARDS) and to other risk factors are lacking. Objectives: To assess respiratory drive and effort of CARDS patients at the first transition from controlled to assisted spontaneous breathing. The second aim was the rate of a composite outcome including the need of higher level of sedation
Multicenter cohort study in four Italian ICU including adults with moderate and severe CARDS (PaO2/FiO2 <100 mmHg) at ICU admission. An historical cohort of patients with ARDS from various etiologies used for comparison. Respiratory drive (P0.1), diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi), inspiratory effort derived from EAdi (∆PmusEAdi) and from deflection in airway pressure occluded (ΔPocc) (PmusΔPocc), dynamic transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔPL,dyn, the difference between peak and end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure) measured under assisted ventilation. The main ventilatory pattern variables: - Airway Occlusion Pressure (P0.1): Measurement of the decrease in airway pressure during an end-expiratory occlusion. - Pmus-EAdi-derived (∆Pmus, EAdi): Measurement of the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles during inspiration derived by electrical activity of the diaphragm measurements. - Transpulmonary pressure EAdi-derived (∆Plung,dyn): difference between peak and end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure . - Occlusive Pressure Difference (∆Pocc): Evaluation of the pressure difference between the initial and final airway opening during inspiration. - Pmus-∆Pocc-derived (∆Pmus, ∆Pocc): Measurement of the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles during inspiration derived by ∆Pocc (∆Pocc*0.75) - Transpulmonary driving pressure ∆Pocc derived (∆Plung, ∆Pocc): calculated as (Peak airway pressure -PEEP) - 2/3 * ∆Pocc - Diaphragmatic Electrical Activity (EAdi): Recording of the electrical activity of the diaphragm. - Peak EAdi (EAdiPEAK): Determination of the highest recorded value of diaphragmatic electrical activity. - Pressure time product of the trans-diaphragmatic pressure per breath and per minute(PTP/min): the integral of Pmusc-EAdi-derived during inspiration per breath. - Inspiratory Delay (ID): Assessment of the time delay between the start of neural inspiration and the onset of mechanical ventilation. - Neuro-ventilatory Efficiency (NVE): Measurement of the efficiency of the neural drive to the respiratory muscles. - Peak Airway Opening Pressure (PawPEAK): Measurement of the peak pressure in the airway during inspiration. - Inspiratory Pressure-Time Product (PmusEAdi/b): Calculation of the work of breathing by integrating the product of diaphragmatic electrical activity and the change in airway pressure during inspiration. - Tidal Volume (VT): Measurement of the volume of air inspired and expired during each breath. - Respiratory Rate: Calculation of the number of breaths per minute delivered by the mechanical ventilator. - Inspiratory and Expiratory Time (Ti,MECH and Te,MECH): Determination of the duration of mechanical inspiration and expiration. - Inspiratory Duty Cycle (TI/TTOT-neur): Calculation of the ratio of inspiratory time to total respiratory cycle time based on neural inspiration. ;
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