Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal and Replacement Therapy Assessed by PET Imaging

Nicotine Dependence Clinical Trial

Official title:

Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal and Replacement Therapy Assessed by PET Imaging

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01664741
• Other study ID #: NA_00036996
• Secondary ID: R01DA026823
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: April 2012
• Est. completion date: December 2018

Study information

• Verified date: April 2019
• Source: Johns Hopkins University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The proposed research will provide significant new gender-specific information of scientific and clinical relevance on the function of the mu-opioid system in nicotine dependence and therapeutic effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The studies will help to explain the differences in the prevalence of smoking in men and women, sex-specific differences in nicotine craving and withdrawal as well as the poorer therapeutic response to NRT. This work may pave the way to the design of improved pharmacotherapies that can more effectively target the endogenous opioid system in the treatment of nicotine dependence.

Description:

While smoking prevalence has declined for both men and women over the last two decades, rates among women have shown a much shallower decrease and, in recent years, prevalence of cigarette initiation has been higher for girls than boys. Smoking among women of child-bearing age has significant negative health consequences for mother and child, increasing fetal and infant morbidity and mortality. Women are both less likely to initiate a quit attempt and more likely to relapse if these women do quit. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), still the most widely used smoking treatment intervention in the United States, is less effective for women compared with men, and women report less craving reduction on NRT. The endogenous opioid system is involved in smoking initiation, nicotine craving and reward as well as nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Interestingly, research suggests that sexual dimorphic features of the endogenous mu-opioid system may in part explain gender differences in nicotine effects. To better understand the role of the mu-opioid system in poorer NRT responses in women, this proposal will examine NRT effects on mu opioid receptor binding potential (MOR BP) in female compared to male smokers during active versus placebo NRT. Specifically, nicotine dependent women and men in active smoking status will undergo PET imaging for MOR BP measurement using 11C-carfentanil. Following baseline PET measurement in active smoking (scan 1), smokers will be randomized to active or placebo nicotine replacement therapy ((A-NRT or P-NRT); 72 hours later, a second scan will be obtained. As a reference group, demographically-matched women and men who have never smoked will undergo two scans as well. Behavioral measurements of nicotine reward, craving and withdrawal will be obtained repeatedly across the protocol. The proposed research will provide significant new, gender-specific information of scientific and clinical relevance on the function of the mu-opioid system in nicotine dependence and therapeutic effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 127
• Est. completion date: December 2018
• Est. primary completion date: May 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 21 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 21 - 60 years old

• must meet DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence and be actively smoking

Exclusion Criteria: subjects must meet study guidelines for medical and mental health status.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Nicotine Dependence
• Tobacco Use Disorder

Intervention

Drug:
• Nicotine patch - transdermal
21 mg patch
• placebo

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine	Baltimore	Maryland

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Johns Hopkins University	National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in Mu-opioid Receptor Binding Potential (BP) Between Baseline and Post-patch Scans	BP provides an estimate of the product of the density of available receptors (Bmax' or the receptor density Bmax less those occupied by endogenous transmitters) and the affinity [1/equilibrium dissociation constant (KD)]. We use reference tissue graphical analysis (RTGA) to obtain regional BP values using occipital lobe as a reference region. Negative BP change means means a decrease in the BP and positive BP change means an increase in the BP.	90 minutes
Secondary	Relationship Between Change in Mu-opioid Receptor Binding Potential and Visual Analog Craving Scale Score	Regression measure (ß) between change in mu-opioid receptor binding potential between baseline scan and post-treatment scan in the left amygdala and mean Craving Visual Analog Scale score on Days 2 - 4 of the Clinical Research Unit stay. Craving visual analog scale ranges from 0 (not at all) to 20 (worst ever).	72 hours
Secondary	Relationship Between Change in Mu-opioid Receptor Binding Potential and Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale Score	Regression measure (ß) between change in mu-opioid receptor binding potential between baseline scan and post-treatment scan and mean Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) score on Days 2 - 4 of the Clinical Research Unit stay. The MNWS is a self-report measure that consists of 14 nicotine withdrawal symptoms each rated on a 0 - 4 response scale for severity over the past 24 hours. Higher scores are indicative of greater nicotine withdrawal severity.	72 hours