Multiple Myeloma Clinical Trial
Official title:
Identification of Hematological Malignancies and Therapy Predication Using microRNAs as a Diagnostic Tool
MiRNAs are small (~19-25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that bind to mRNA in a
sequence-specific manner. MiRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
MiRNAs regulate critical cell processes such as metabolism, apoptosis, development, cell
cycle, hematopoietic differentiation and have been implicated in the development and
progression of several types of cancers, including hematological malignancies.
Over-expression, amplification and/or deletion of miRNAs and miRNA-mediated modification of
epigenetic silencing can all lead to oncogenic pathways.
Hematologic cancers, which are caused by the malignant transformation of bone marrow cells
and the lymphatic system, are usually divided into three major clusters: leukemia, lymphoma,
and multiple myeloma. To date, some of the hematological malignancies are very aggressive
that early diagnosis is essential for improving prognosis and increasing survival rates.
However, current diagnostic methods have various limitations, such as insufficient
sensitivity, specificity, it is also time-consuming, costly, and requires a high level of
expertise, which limits its application in clinical contexts. Thus, development of new
biomarkers for the early detection and relapse of hematological malignancies is desirable.
Some of the innate properties of miRNAs make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers.
MiRNAs can be readily detected in small volume samples using specific and sensitive
quantitative real-time PCR; they have been isolated from most body fluids, including serum,
plasma, urine, saliva, tears and semen and are known to circulate in a highly stable,
cell-free form. They are highly conserved between species, allowing the use of animal models
of disease for pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, tumor cells have been shown to release
miRNAs into the circulation and profiles of miRNAs are altered in the plasma and/or serum of
patients with cancer. A growing number of publications confirm that miRNAs can be a useful
biomarker for hematological malignancies diagnosis and progression.
n/a
Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Prospective
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