View clinical trials related to Malaria.
Filter by:Both antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of opportunistic infections (OIs) have been associated with significantly decreased mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), also known as bactrim, is a common antibiotic and used as prophylaxis for OIs. For countries with high prevalence of HIV and limited health infrastructure, the WHO endorses universal TMP/SMZ for all HIV-infected individuals. Notably, these guidelines were created prior to the scale-up of ARTs. Following ART and subsequent immune recovery, TMP/SMZ may no longer be required. In the US and Europe, for example, TMP/SMZ is discontinued after patients show evidence of immune recovery. Therefore, we propose a prospective randomized trial among HIV infected individuals on ART with evidence of immune recovery (ART for > 18mo and CD4 >350 cells/mm3) to determine whether continued TMP/SMZ prophylaxis confers benefits in decreasing morbidity (malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea), mortality, CD4 count maintenance, ART treatment failure and malaria immune responses.
Malaria is one of the major infectious diseases in the world with a tremendous impact on the quality of life, significantly contributing to the ongoing poverty in endemic countries. It causes 800.000 deaths per year, the majority of which are children under the age of five. The malaria parasite enters the human body through the skin, by the bite of an infected mosquito. Subsequently, it invades the liver and develops and multiplies inside the hepatocytes. After a week, the hepatocytes burst open and the parasites are released in the blood stream, causing the clinical phase of the disease. As a unique opportunity to study malaria immunology and efficacy of immunisation strategies, a protocol has been developed in the past to conduct controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs). CHMIs generally involve small groups of malaria-naïve volunteers infected via the bites of P. falciparum infected laboratory-reared Anopheline mosquitoes. Although potentially serious or even lethal, P. falciparum malaria can be radically cured at the earliest stages of blood infection when risks of complications are virtually absent. The investigators have shown previously that healthy human volunteers can be protected from a malaria mosquito (sporozoite) challenge by immunization with sporozoites (by mosquito bites) under chloroquine prophylaxis (CPS immunization). Interestingly, sterile protection in 100% of the human CPS immunized volunteers was achieved by a relatively miniscule dose, i.e. a total of 45 infectious mosquito bites, strikingly 20-fold more potent than the 1000 bites needed in a model using irradiated mosquitoes. One possible explanation for this efficient induction of protective immunity, is the immune modulating effect of chloroquine. The investigators aim to assess this possible immune modulating effect in CPS immunization by comparing immunization with P. falciparum sporozoites under chloroquine with immunization under mefloquine prophylaxis, which has the same antimalarial effect, but not the immune modulating effects known from chloroquine.
Title: Efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine combined with methylene blue for falciparum malaria treatment in African children: randomised controlled trial. Design: Mono-centre, two arms, open randomized controlled study in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso. Phase: Phase II. Objectives: The primary objective of this trial is to study the efficacy and safety of the triple therapy artesunate (AS) - amodiaquine (AQ) - methylene blue (MB) given over three days in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso compared to the local standard three days artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) AS-AQ regimen. Population: Children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated falciparum malaria from Nouna Hospital in north-western Burkina Faso. Sample size: 180 patients (90 per study arm).
Malaria is a common, but decreasing, cause of fever in endemic areas. The use of rapid diagnostic tests could improve treatment of malaria at the local community level. Deployment of these tests is, however, a considerable cost. The aim of the study is to evaluate their effect on improving treatment of fever when used by Community Health Workers in Afghanistan. In phase I of the study, the hypothesis is that an RDT diagnosis deployed with standard training and support will improve the accuracy of treatment applied to fever by community health workers when compared to a diagnosis that is based on symptoms alone. In Phase II of the study, the hypothesis is that the accuracy of treatment can be improved by additional training and supportive interventions given to community health workers compared to those who have only had standard training.
Preliminary evidence from ongoing research provides strong indications that protecting farmers from malaria would be profitable for outgrowing agribusinesses in sub-Saharan Africa. The study team invests in experimental research to investigate this conjecture in more detail.
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of two dose levels (1x10^10 and 5x10^10 virus particles (vp)) of the adenovirus serotype (Ad) Ad35.CS.01/Ad26.CS.01 prime-boost malaria candidate vaccine, followed by an evaluation of the protective efficacy of the higher dose level in an experimental malaria challenge. The study will be in 3 phases: 1. a dose escalation / vaccination phase in which both dose levels will be tested 2. a malaria challenge phase in which only subjects receiving the Ad35.CS.01/Ad26.CS.01 5x10^10 vp dose level, together with six infectivity control subjects, will be exposed to experimental challenge with Plasmodium falciparum 3. a long term follow up phase in which all subjects who received active vaccine from both dose levels and/or malaria challenge will be included
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been known to be controversial for stopping malaria transmission.The addition of primaquine (PQ) - the only drug commercially available that kills mature transmission stage - to such treatments might be necessary to eliminate this stage. A study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) regimens with or without PQ on the sexual and asexual stages of P. falciparum in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been known to be controversial for stopping malaria transmission. The addition of primaquine (PQ) - the only drug commercially available that kills mature transmission stage - to such treatments might be necessary to eliminate this stage. A study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) regimens with PQ on malaria transmission on a community wide level in Lempasing, Lampung, Sumatra.
The purpose of this study is to assess if adding inhaled Nitric Oxide to other malaria treatments can improve the outcome of cerebral malaria in children aged 2months to 12 years.
The combination of pyronaridine and artesunate is an antimalarial therapy in development. This mass balance study is intended to determine the rate and extent of excretion of total radioactivity in urine and feces following administration of a single oral micro-dose of 14C-pyronaridine in humans.