View clinical trials related to Malaria.
Filter by:Malaria is a protozoan infection transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. The most severe forms are caused by Plasmodium (P) falciparum and to a much lesser extent by P. vivax. Although the interest in research on malaria has increased during the last years, yet little research is conducted on the "neglected" malaria species P. ovale and P. malariae. P. ovale being first described in 1922, it still remains unclear whether it displays dormant pre-erythrocytic liver stages, so called hypnozoites, or not. Primaquine, the only marketed drug with liver stage activity at present, can cause severe hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient persons and methemoglobinemia. Because G6PD is widely spread in Central Africa, it is important to explore whether additional intake of liver-active medication is really needed and on this account further research to investigating new treatment options with liver stage activity should be conducted. While, due to widespread resistance, treatment recommendations for P. falciparum and mixed infections have switched from chloroquine to the safer applicable artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines still suggest chloroquine as first line treatment for P. malariae and P. ovale mono infections. Further studies assessing alternative treatment options are largely missing. Summing up the current situation for both topics shows the need for further research. Therefore this study aims to assess the evidence and characterize the frequency of relapses in P. ovale infections with respect to differences between its subspecies as well as the effectiveness of the ACT artemether-lumefantrine in P. malariae and P. ovale mono- and mixed infections.
Randomized controlled single blind prospective comparative study
Randomized controlled single blind prospective comparative study.
All households in three zones in Zambia's Eastern Province were invited to attend a community point distribution of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs). Households were then randomized to different intervals for a community health worker (CHW) hang-up visit.
In western Kenya the prevalence of malaria in <5 year olds has fallen from 70% in 1997 to 40% in 2008, where it has now stagnated. Innovative approaches are needed to continue towards elimination. Ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic endectocide widely used for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis at a dose of 150-200 mcg/kg. Ivermectin at this dose has a potent, but short-lived effect for 6-11 days on mosquito survival, egg-laying, and parasite sporogony. Higher doses are needed to prolong its mosquitocidal effects. Previous studies have shown ivermectin is very well tolerated and safe even up to 2,000 mcg/kg. This dose finding study will evaluate the transmission blocking effect of high-dose ivermectin to define the optimal dose for future use of ivermectin in combination with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for mass drug administration (MDA). It explores a research question of global relevance. A prolonged transmission blocking effect of ivermectin could have substantial consequences for malaria control in the next decades. The results are expected to inform national malaria control programs in malaria endemic countries, to inform WHO guidelines, and to contribute to the regulatory process.
Background: - Malaria is a severe infection caused by a parasite. People can get malaria if a mosquito that carries the parasite bites them. Although malaria does not occur in the United States, many people in Africa, Asia, and South America do get malaria. In some cases, malaria can cause death. In 2013 alone, 584,000 people died due to malaria. Researchers want to find ways to prevent and treat malaria. Objective: - To find out if combining live, infectious malaria parasites (known as Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge) and two FDA approved drugs that kill malaria parasites (pyrimethamine [PYR] and chloroquine [CQ]) is safe and can provide people protection against malaria. The Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge has been used in other studies without significant side effects. Eligibility: - Healthy people ages 18-50 who weigh less than 170 pounds and are not pregnant or breastfeeding - No history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV infection - Not currently enrolled in a clinical trial that involves a research drug or vaccine - Have not traveled to an area with high malaria transmission within the last 5 years - Never diagnosed with malaria in the past Design: - Participants will be in 1 of 4 groups. - Participants will receive a combination of injections and drugs. What combination they will receive will depend on what group they are in. This combination of injections and drugs may include: - Injections of Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge (live, infectious malaria parasites) into a vein - FDA approved antimalarial drug called chloroquine (CQ) - FDA approved antimalarial drug called pyrimethamine (PYR) - FDA approved antimalarial drug called Malarone - The study will last approximately 3-7 months (depending on which group participants are in). - There will be up to 68 study visits for three groups. One group will have up to 27 study visits. During the study visits, participants may have: - Medical history review - Physical exams - Electrocardiogram (ECG): soft electrodes will be placed on the skin. A machine will record the heart s electrical signals to evaluate heart function. - Blood and urine tests - Medication given in the clinic under direct observation - Injection of Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge into a vein - Participants will receive a diary, thermometer, and ruler to record their body temperature and any symptoms.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether repeated ivermectin mass drug administrations to Burkinabé villagers, performed in three week intervals over the rainy-season, is well-tolerated and safe, and also effective in reducing local malaria transmission and thus clinical malaria episodes in treated village children.
Background: - The disease malaria can cause very serious health problems. Researchers want to see if malaria affects the way T cells and vaccines work in the body. If it does, they may need to give malaria treatments before vaccines. They want to check the T cells in children who do or do not get antimalarial treatment. Objectives: - To study the effect of blood stage malaria on T cell suppression and vaccine responses. To describe markers of T cell suppression in children who do or do not receive antimalarial treatment. Eligibility: - Children ages 12 59 months living near Ouelessebougou in Mali. They must have no serious illness. Design: - Participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. - Some participants will get a course of antimalarial tablets. Some will not. This will be decided at random. - Participants will have monthly visits for up to a year. They will have blood tests at each visit.
The investigators propose to implement a new mobile interface that automatically reads and troubleshoots malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) cassettes. This device, called a Deki reader (DR), will allow the investigators to establish an extensive quality assurance program of malaria diagnosis performed by trained community health volunteers (CHVs). The study will lease 10 DRs and rotate them amongst 200 CHVs performing community-based malaria diagnosis through rapid diagnostic testing. The study setting is Bungoma East subcounty and Kiminini subcounty in Kenya. The overall goal is to measure and improve the quality of malaria diagnosis by CHVs using malaria RDTs. The investigators aim for every CHW to exceed 90% sensitivity and specificity and zero operator errors within six months. There are no appreciable risks to the CHV associated with evaluation by the DR device. The investigators' analysis will focus on descriptive statistics of RDT use and accuracy amongst all participating CHVs.
The study aims at describing the pharmacokinetic properties of rectal artesunate in well characterized severely ill patients using intravenous artesunate as a comparator.