View clinical trials related to Malaria.
Filter by:Health promotion in schools aims to improve the health and well being of students by empowering them with the knowledge, skills and confidence to take responsibility for their own health. We incorporated a malaria component to an established peer health education programme in schools in The Gambia, and evaluated its impact on knowledge attitudes and practice (KAP) of school students and their families using a cluster randomized design. Since malaria is a particular problem among children under 5 and pregnant women, students were encouraged to explain what they learned to their families, and we sought to evaluate whether the malaria messages were taken up by the students' families. Evaluation endpoints are KAP in students, and KAP in women living in the school students' home compound.
The purpose of this study is to find out whether taking certain anti-HIV medicines with certain antimalarial medicines affects the amount of the medicines in the blood. The study medicines that will be used are artemether/lumefantrine (antimalarial medication) and lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz (anti-HIV medications). Artemether/lumefantrine is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but is recommended as standard of care medical treatment for malaria in Africa and Asia. Lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz are approved by the FDA. Artemether/lumefantrine and lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz may need to be used together to treat children in Africa and Asia. We seek to learn about whether or not the use of these medicines together results in a change in blood levels of any of these medicines. The information obtained from this study will help doctors to provide a better treatment to children and adults with malaria and HIV.
Design: Single-centre Indication: Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum Objectives: To determine and compare the efficacy of AQ treatment in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the rural and the urban study area of the Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN). Population: Children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated falciparum malaria (axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C + ≥ 2.000 P. falciparum asexual parasites per µl blood) from the health centre situated in the villages of Bagala, Bourasso and Kemena and from Nouna town hospital outpatient department. Sample size: N=120 Treatment: All children will receive a total dose of 25 mg/kg oral AQ over a period of three days (first and second day: 10mg/kg, third day: 5mg/kg). Statistical procedures: The primary analysis parameter is the proportion of clinical failures on day 14. Secondary parameters are the rate of clinical failures on day 28 (with and without PCR correction), the rate of early clinical failures, the rate of late parasitological failures (day 14 and day 28), and the rate of adverse events. Data will be analysed in the overall group of study children and for rural (n=50) and urban (n=50) study children separately. Study duration and dates: The study will be implemented in September-December 2005.
Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly among children < 5 years in Uganda. Due to inaccessibility many children die before they reach the health facility. The Home Based Management of Fever (HBMF) strategy was adopted in Uganda as a mean to improve access to early and appropriate treatment of fever at community level. Pre-packed chloroquine with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (HOMAPAK) is provided through Community Drug Distributors(CDDs). Initial evaluation showed underutilization of the CDDs (15%). This cast doubt on community acceptability, accessibility as well as its feasibility and cost effectiveness. This 3-year project intends to compare community acceptability and cost effectiveness of two HOMAPAK distribution methods. The current CDD-based HOMAPAK distribution versus home-based HOMAPAK distribution. The study hypothesis is that "home-based HOMAPAK distribution is more acceptable to the community and more cost effective than the CDD based HOMAPAK A non randomised community study will be conducted in two sub-counties of Mukono district. In the control arm, HOMAPAKs will be distributed through the CDDs while in the intervention arm, HOMAPAKs will be directly distributed to the caretakers in the homes. The study population are caretakers and their children < 5 years. At baseline a survey (Phase 1) with a sample size 657 in each study area will assess the common drugs stocked at home to treat malaria and the health seeking behaviour for malaria for children < 5 years and to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and anaemia among children < 5 years. Phase 2 includes the intervention. The villages will be assigned to either the control or intervention arm. Anaemia and malaria parasitaemia among children with fever will be assessed through active case finding. The impact of either distribution system on accessibility, acceptability, sustainability, compliance, cost effectiveness and malaria morbidity will be assessed during the evaluation phase. Health education messages on malaria prevention and treatment will be given to both communities. Drug misuse will be limited by distributing HOMAPAKs according to the number of children <5years in each household. HOMAPAK will only be replenished after the caretaker returns a used packet to the CDD.
Malaria is one of the major causes of illness and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana, malaria is the most important cause of morbidity and accounts for about 40% of outpatient contacts. Chemoprophylaxis and insecticide-impregnated bed nets are used for malaria control in pregnancy.Chloroquine is administered within the ANC package at health facilities in Ghana. However, many pregnant women in rural,low-income communities do not report for ANC or report late thereby increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality. Reasons for this include inaccessibility and high cost. As the gap between urban and rural health care and socioeconomic circumstances increase, malaria control remains the major challenge of the health sector. A facility-based intervention alone is not sufficient to have a significant or sustained impact on malaria control in pregnancy. Alternative strategies are needed for the delivery of malaria interventions to pregnant women in rural areas in Ghana. The overall objective of this study is to develop alternative strategies for community involvement for delivery of malaria interventions to pregnant women in rural Ghana. The project will be conducted in the Afigya Sekyere district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Interviews and focus group discussions will be conducted with pregnant women and community members focusing on local knowledge on control of malaria in pregnancy and factors influencing utilization of antenatal services. Women in their first and second pregnancies who are permanently resident in the study area will be included in the study using IPT with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). The study population will be randomized to:Group 1 will receive clinic-supervised IPT-SP and daily folate/iron supplementation and Group 2 will access IPT-SP with daily folate/iron supplementation from trained traditional birth attendants (TBA). Midwives and TBAs will be trained in preparing thick blood smears and placenta biopsies for parasitological examination. Parasitaemia and Hb will be measured at entry and at delivery and fever episodes during pregnancy will be recorded. Study participants will be followed for adverse reactions within a week after drug administration. The effectiveness of community-based IPT for the control of malaria in pregnancy will be determined. The endpoints of the study will be birth weight, maternal anaemia, fever episodes and prevalence of peripheral and placental parasitaemia in the groups.
Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa is increasingly difficult. Resistance to cheap efficient antimalarial drugs poses an increasing threat. The rapid emergence of resistance to sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine, already seen in East Africa is growing and is likely to have an striking impact on mortality in many other African regions where no obvious alternatives are available. WHO recommends the use of drug combinations containing artemisinin compounds, i.e., artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). Previous clinical trials have shown that the combination of artesunate with mefloquine is highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria, retaining the benefit of rapidity of action while augmenting cure rates, and apparently slowing the development of mefloquine resistance. Compliance with sequential combination regimen of antimalarial drugs is notoriously poor. Therefore, in order to limit the development of resistance to both drugs and ameliorate patients' compliance to antimalarial treatments, an optimal simultaneous combination regimen of artesunate and mefloquine in a practical single blister pack has been developed by Mepha Ltd. and successfully tested. The currently available
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of two antimalarial drug regimes, namely amodiaquine versus amodiaquine-artesunate, in the treatment of children with uncomplicated malaria. Also, genetic host factors which might influence efficacy and/or safety will be examined.
This study will assess the safety and efficacy of co-artemether in the treatment of acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in returning non-immune travellers THIS STUDY IS NOT ENROLLING PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
The overall objective is to evaluate the effect of exposure to Plasmodium (P.) falciparum erythrocytic stage antigens during different periods of infancy on the development of naturally acquired immunity (NAI). Hypothesis: Exposure to P. falciparum prior to 5 months of age does not result in the development of NAI, while exposure to P. falciparum after 5 months of age leads to the development of NAI. The risks of clinical malaria and anaemia during the second year of life will be compared between cohorts, as well as their correlations with the type and quality of immune responses (antibodies to several P. falciparum antigens, cytokines), oxidative stress markers and host genetic factors. These results should shed light on the determinants of the development of anti-P. falciparum responses early in life and the potential constraints to early life immunisation.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether artemether + lumefantrine is as effective as chloroquine + sulfadoxine pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria