Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Dysfunction Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Knee Osteoarthritis Clinical Trial

Official title:

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Dysfunction Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03051984
• Other study ID #: M16-528
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 1, 2017
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: November 2023
• Source: University of Vermont
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Total knee replacement, or arthroplasty, is the final clinical intervention available to relieve pain and functional limitations related to advanced stage knee osteoarthritis. Despite its beneficial effects, the early post-surgical period is characterized by the erosion of lower extremity muscle size and strength that cause further disability and slow functional recovery. While the detrimental effects of this period on muscle are widely recognized, the mechanisms underlying these adaptations are poorly understood and there are currently no widely-accepted clinical interventions to counter them

Description:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is currently the most common elective surgery in the US and will increase in frequency nearly five-fold by 2030 to 3.5 million surgeries annually. This surgery is most prevalent among older adults with advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its increase is explained primarily by growth in this population. Although TKA reliably reduces joint pain, it fails to correct objectively-measured functional disability due, in part, to dramatic declines in lower-extremity neuromuscular function during the early, postsurgical period. These deficits are never fully remediated, remaining for years after surgery and contributing to persistent disability. Despite these detrimental effects of TKA, the fundamental skeletal muscle adaptations that occur in the early, post-surgical period are poorly defined and understudied and there is currently no widely-accepted, evidence-based intervention to counter these changes. To address this clinical problem, the investigators goals in this application are to define the skeletal muscle structural and functional adaptations following TKA at the whole body, tissue, cellular, organellar and molecular levels in humans in an effort to identify factors contributing to functional disability and to assess the utility of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to counter post-surgical muscle adaptations at these same anatomic levels. We hypothesize that TKA fails to remediate physical disability in patients, in part, because of the profound skeletal muscle myofilament and mitochondrial loss and dysfunction that develops during the early, post-surgical period. Moreover, the investigators posit that NMES will improve functional recovery following TKA by countering these early skeletal muscle adaptations. To test this model, the investigators will evaluate participants with knee OA prior to and following TKA for skeletal muscle structure and function at multiple anatomic levels, with patients randomized to receive NMES or sham control intervention during the first 5 weeks post-surgery.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 23
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 50 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• symptomatic, primary knee osteoarthritis (OA)

• being considered for total knee arthroplasty

Exclusion Criteria:

• knee OA secondary to inflammatory/autoimmune disease

• untreated/uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes or thyroid disease

• chronic heart failure, actively-treated malignancy, exercise-limiting peripheral vascular disease, stroke or neuromuscular disease

• body mass index >38 kg/m2

• lower extremity blood clot or known coagulopathies

• implanted pacemaker/ICD

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Atrophy
• Knee Osteoarthritis
• Muscular Atrophy

Intervention

Device:
• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
NMES will be conducted on the quadriceps of the operative leg using a portable stimulation device, starting within 48-72 hrs of surgery. The operative leg will be immobilized at a neutral angle (~30º), with electrodes affixed to the anterior surface of the thigh. Symmetrical, biphasic pulses (400 µs duration at 50 Hz) will be used, with a duty cycle of 25% (10 s on, 30 s off), with patient-selected stimulation intensity to cause visible contractions below pain threshold. NMES sessions will occur 5 d/week, twice daily for 45 min (5 min warm-up) for 5 wks.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of Vermont College of Medicine	Burlington	Vermont

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Vermont

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Cross-sectional area of muscle fibers	Cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers will be evaluated using immunohistochemistry, with specification of all relevant muscle fiber types	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Primary	Intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content	Area fraction of intermyofibrillar mitochondria will be assessed by electron microscopy	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Primary	Maximal calcium-activated tension single muscle fiber tension and shortening velocity	Tension (force per unit muscle fiber cross-sectional area) from segments of chemically-skinned single human muscle fibers will be assessed under maximal calcium-activated condition and shortening velocity will be evaluated from isotonic load clamps, with muscle fiber type determined post-measurement by gel electrophoresis	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Primary	Mitochondrial function	Oxygen consumption rate of isolated muscle mitochondria under adenosine diphosphate stimulation and hydrogen peroxide production	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Secondary	Physical activity level	Physical activity will be assessed by accelerometry.	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Secondary	Quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area	Quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area will be assessed by computed tomography at the mid-thigh.	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Secondary	Physical functional measures	Whole body physical function will be assessed.	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks
Secondary	Whole muscle strength	Knee extensor isometric and isokinetic strength will be assessed by dynamometry.	Change from baseline cross-sectional area at 5 weeks