Kelulut Honey as an Alternate Source of Carbo-Loading in Abdominal Surgery Involving the Digestive System

Insulin Resistance Clinical Trial

— Kel-Load  

Official title:

The Use of Kelulut Honey for Carbohydrate-Loading in the Preoperative Period for Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery Involving the Digestive System as Part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery as Opposed to VALENS® Carborie®Load

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04438590
• Other study ID #: USMKK
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: October 1, 2020
• Est. completion date: November 30, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: December 2021
• Source: Universiti Sains Malaysia
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The study aims to identify if Kelulut Honey can be a potential alternative for the use of preoperative carboloading instead of the commercially available product, Carborie.

Description:

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery is a well-established, evidence based multimodal, multidisciplinary approach to the care of the surgical patient. The aim of the program, as per its nomenclature, is to establish a set of protocol to subject the surgical patient to in order to facilitate recovery, attenuate the metabolic responses from surgery, reduce complications and ultimately reduce length of stay as well as establish return of physiological function of the patient in an accelerated fashion.

As mentioned, given that ERAS involves a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach, there are many aspects and guidelines as to the implementation of ERAS. One particular modern care change is conversion of the surgical dogma of overnight fasting to carbo-loading; whereby the patient is subjected to consume a carbohydrate rich drink the evening prior to surgery, and 2 hours prior to induction with anaesthesia. The doctrine of overnight fasting or rather 6-8 hours of fasting has long been the core principal for many anaesthesiologists and surgeons, given the rationale that this would reduce gastric acidity and volume, thereby reducing the risk of vomiting and gastric content aspiration. However, modern guidelines have shown that there are no evidence that shortened fast of 2-3 of oral fluids increase the risk of aspiration, regurgitation or increase morbidity as compared with fasting after midnight.

The problem with fasting, is that it increases insulin resistance. In line with acute-phase response, and loss of lean body mass, this will attenuate the affects of prolonged fasting. So, in an insulin resistant state, cell glucose uptake is reduced, and therefore glycogen formation reduces, which means, the liver and muscle glycogen storage are depleted. Hyperglycaemia ensues, due to the enhanced endogenous glucose production. Glucose control needs to be adequate to avoid risk of surgical complication and mortality.

The benefits of carbo-loading is well documented and the evidence is overwhelming. The evidence shows that oral ingestion of 50g of Carbohydrate has been shown to release Insulin similar to that of a mixed meal. The current guideline advocates 100g of carbohydrate consumed the evening prior to surgery and another 50g 2 hours before surgery. The first dose is consumed with 800 mL of water, and the subsequent dose with 400mL.

Kelulut honey is a natural product, which contains sugar in the form of fructose and glucose produced by bees (Meliponini Sp). They have a rapid onset, as they are freely absorbed into the blood stream without requiring digestion. Honey also has a proven role in facilitating wound healing, and as an anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of honey as an alternative to maltodextrin extract for carbo-loading in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery (Upper GI and Lower GI) and its effects.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 64
• Est. completion date: November 30, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: September 25, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

• Adult (Age = 18)

• Elective Surgery with Intraabdominal Involvement

Exclusion Criteria

• Known Diabetics

• Fasting Glucose Level > 7 mmol/L

• ASA > 3

• On Steroid Treatment

• Recent Infection Past 3 Months

• Preoperative Unintentional Weight Loss >10% of usual body weight within 6 months

• Emergency Surgery

• Minor (Age < 18)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• ERAS
• Insulin Resistance

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• Kelulut Honey
The Substance being tested to be used as an alternative
• Carborie
The commercially available substance

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Malaysia	Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia	Kubang Kerian	Kelantan

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Universiti Sains Malaysia

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Malaysia, 

References & Publications (15)

Abdul JA, et al., Surgical Services In Malaysian Hospitals. National Healthcare Establishment & Workforce Statistics (NHEWS) 2011, NCRC/HSU/2013.1 C4:47-63, 2013

Bilku DK, Dennison AR, Hall TC, Metcalfe MS, Garcea G. Role of preoperative carbohydrate loading: a systematic review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2014 Jan;96(1):15-22. doi: 10.1308/003588414X13824511650614. Review. — View Citation

Gianotti L, Biffi R, Sandini M, Marrelli D, Vignali A, Caccialanza R, Viganò J, Sabbatini A, Di Mare G, Alessiani M, Antomarchi F, Valsecchi MG, Bernasconi DP. Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Load Versus Placebo in Major Elective Abdominal Surgery (PROCY): — View Citation

Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, McNaught CE, Macfie J, Liberman AS, Soop M, Hill A, Kennedy RH, Lobo DN, Fearon K, Ljungqvist O; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society, for Perioperative Care; European Societ — View Citation

Kratzing C. Pre-operative nutrition and carbohydrate loading. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011 Aug;70(3):311-5. doi: 10.1017/S0029665111000450. Review. — View Citation

Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, Cox PB, Hendry PO, Spies C, von Meyenfeldt MF, Fearon KC, Revhaug A, Norderval S, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Dejong CH; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surg — View Citation

Liz Goldenberg., Fasting versus Carb-Loading: What's the Evidence for Your Enhanced Recovery after Bariatric Surgery Program?, Bariatric Times. 2018;15(11):28-29

Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: A Review. JAMA Surg. 2017 Mar 1;152(3):292-298. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4952. Review. — View Citation

Maitra S, Kirtania J, Pal S, Bhattacharjee S, Layek A, Ray S. Intraoperative blood glucose levels in nondiabetic patients undergoing elective major surgery under general anaesthesia receiving different crystalloid solutions for maintenance fluid. Anesth E — View Citation

Mustafa MZ, Yaacob NS, Sulaiman SA. Reinventing the Honey Industry: Opportunities of the Stingless Bee. Malays J Med Sci. 2018 Jul;25(4):1-5. doi: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.4.1. Epub 2018 Aug 30. — View Citation

Nakamura M, Uchida K, Akahane M, Watanabe Y, Ohtomo K, Yamada Y. The effects on gastric emptying and carbohydrate loading of an oral nutritional supplement and an oral rehydration solution: a crossover study with magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg. — View Citation

Scott MJ, Fawcett WJ. Oral carbohydrate preload drink for major surgery - the first steps from famine to feast. Anaesthesia. 2014 Dec;69(12):1308-13. doi: 10.1111/anae.12921. Epub 2014 Oct 23. — View Citation

Sudiyatmo, et al., Effects of Preoperative Honey Drink on Gastric Content, Perioperative Discomfort and Insulin Resistance in Patients Undergoing Open Colorectal Surgery a Randomized, Controlled Trial. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 14(7)

Yagci G, Can MF, Ozturk E, Dag B, Ozgurtas T, Cosar A, Tufan T. Effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on glucose metabolism and gastric contents in patients undergoing moderate surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. Nutrition. 2008 Mar;24(3):212- — View Citation

Zulkhairi Amin FA, Sabri S, Mohammad SM, Ismail M, Chan KW, Ismail N, Norhaizan ME, Zawawi N. Therapeutic Properties of Stingless Bee Honey in Comparison with European Bee Honey. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Dec 26;2018:6179596. doi: 10.1155/2018/6179596. eCol — View Citation

* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Kelulut Honey Improves Insulin Resistance when used as carbo-loading preoperatively	• To compare blood sugar levels between patients receiving Kelulut Honey and Carborie pre, intra, and post operatively.	48 Hours
Primary	Kelulut Honey would be completely cleared within 2 hours after consumption when used for carbo-loading preoperatively.	• To compare Residual Gastric Volume between patients receiving Kelulut Honey and Carborie preoperatively.	2 hours