Study of Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Influenza Clinical Trial

Official title:

Immune Responses in Preterm and Full-Term Infants Following Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccination

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Terminated

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01194297
• Other study ID #: 25914
• Status: Terminated
• Phase: Phase 4
• First received: August 31, 2010
• Last updated: August 4, 2014
• Start date: August 2010
• Est. completion date: May 2012

Study information

• Verified date: August 2014
• Source: University of Rochester
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Federal Government
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Severe influenza respiratory disease is increasingly recognized in children. Influenza hospitalization rates in high-risk infants, such as premature infants, are increased some five-fold over rates in other children. The recently-licensed live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) promotes better immune responses than the trivalent inactivated vaccine, but can cause wheezing. The balance of risks and benefits for LAIV in extremely premature infants, who may be at increased risk for both influenza disease and vaccine side effects, is unknown.

The specific aim of this project is to compare the immune response and reactions of trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and live, attenuated, intranasal influenza vaccine (LAIV) in groups of former premature (PT), very (V) LBW and former full-term (FT) infants aged 24-35 months.

The investigators hypothesize that the immune response in FT infants will be greater with LAIV than TIV, and that wheezing episodes will be no more than twice as frequent in LAIV as in TIV recipients.

The study will enroll 14 former premature, VLBW infants and 14 former full-term infants. Children will be randomized to receive one dose either TIV or LAIV. Vaccine reactions will be measured. One to two teaspoons mL of blood will be drawn at 0 and 7-14 days from immunization, and less than one teaspoon of blood will be drawn at 28-42 days.

Description:

Background. Influenza infection causes an estimated 1 million deaths worldwide yearly. Severe influenza respiratory disease is increasingly recognized in children. Influenza hospitalization rates in high-risk infants, such as premature infants, are increased some five-fold over rates in other children. Influenza vaccine immunogenicity is generally modest even in healthy children, and influenza vaccines have been incompletely studied in premature infants. The recently-licensed live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is more immunogenic than the trivalent inactivated vaccine, but its use in infants and high risk children is limited by side effects. The risk/benefit ratio of LAIV in extremely premature infants, who may be at increased risk for both influenza disease and vaccine side effects, is unknown.

Aim. The specific aim of this project is to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and live, attenuated, intranasal influenza vaccine (LAIV) in groups of former premature (PT), very low birth weight (VLBW) and former full-term (FT) infants aged 24-35 months.

Hypotheses.

1. The humoral immunogenicity of LAIV, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), will be greater than that of TIV. This will be the co-primary outcome for this study.

2. Vaccine reactogenicity, as measured by medically-attended wheezing episodes, will be no more than twice as frequent in LAIV as in TIV recipients. This will be the co-primary outcome for this study.

3. Functional B-cell responses, as measured by antibody secreting cell (ASC) enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT), will be greater in LAIV-immunized infants than TIV-immunized infants.

4. Peak T-cell cytokine responses, as measured by interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 ELISPOT, will be greater in LAIV-immunized infants than TIV-immunized infants.

5. Hemagglutinin-specific nasal immunoglobulin A (IgA) will be measureable following LAIV immunization.

6. Former premature infants will have similar adaptive immune responses, but elevated reactogenicity to both vaccines, when compared to former full-term infants.

Design. The study will enroll 14 former premature, VLBW infants and 14 former full-term infants. Subjects, who will be eligible to receive either TIV or LAIV as part of routine care, will be randomized to receive one dose either TIV or LAIV, according to prevailing recommendations for influenza immunization. Randomization will be stratified by prematurity status. Vaccine reactogenicity will be measured by using parent diaries following immunization and questionnaires at each visit. Five to 10 mL of blood will be drawn at 0 and 7-14 days from immunization for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and 1 mL of blood will be drawn for serum separation for antibody determination at 0 and 28-42 days. Antibody levels and T- and B-cell responses to vaccine will be measured.

Potential Impact. This study is designed to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two current influenza vaccines in premature infants. The data will be used to estimate the sample size for a definitive trial in younger premature infants.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Terminated
• Enrollment: 3
• Est. completion date: May 2012
• Est. primary completion date: May 2012
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 24 Months to 35 Months

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects must meet all relevant criteria (by time of influenza vaccination) to participate.

1. (a) Former premature (<32 weeks' gestation at birth), VLBW (<1500 grams' birth weight) infant, 24 months, 0 days - 35 months, 31 days of age, OR (b) Former full-term (37-42 weeks' gestation at birth), normal birth weight (>2500 grams' birth weight) infant, 24 months, 0 days - 35 months, 31 days of age.

2. Influenza immunization in prior season.

3. Eligible for either influenza immunization (TIV or LAIV).

4. Parental permission.

5. Parents likely to be able to comply with study visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects may not participate if they meet any one of these criteria.

1. Known immunodeficiency in child or in a close household contact.

2. History of:

• Recurrent episodes of wheezing,

• Medically-attended wheezing illness in past year, or

• Hospitalization for a wheezing illness.

3. Systemic corticosteroid administration at time of influenza vaccination.

4. Requiring supplemental oxygen at time of influenza vaccination.

5. Contraindication to either influenza immunization (e.g. egg allergy, aspirin therapy).

6. Physician-diagnosed influenza illness in the current influenza season.

7. Any condition determined by investigator as likely to interfere with evaluation of the vaccine or be a significant potential health risk to the subject.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Prevention

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Influenza
• Influenza, Human

Intervention

Biological:
• Live attenuated influenza vaccine
One dose of live attenuated influenza vaccine, according to routine immunization recommendations
• Inactivated influenza vaccine
One dose of inactivated influenza vaccine, according to routine immunization recommendations

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Rochester

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Humoral Immunogenicity	Hemagglutinin specific antibody, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition	28-42 days	No
Secondary	Medically-attended Wheezing	Wheezing that triggers a visit for medical care	42 days	Yes