Environment and Reproductive Health; Human Exposure to Bisphenol A, Phthalates and Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes

Infertility Clinical Trial

— EARTH  

Official title:

Human Exposure to Bisphenol A, Phthalates and Fertility, Pregnancy Outcomes.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00011713
• Other study ID #: ES 009718
• Secondary ID: 2R01ES009718-16
• Status: Completed
• Start date: October 1999
• Est. completion date: September 2020

Study information

• Verified date: September 2020
• Source: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between environmental agents and reproductive health. Environmental agents of interest include exposure to chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), flame retardants, dioxins, bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, and metals like lead and cadmium. We are also interested in the relationship between reproductive health and lifestyle risk factors, such as exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Enrollees are asked to participate in this study because they and their partner are patients of the MGH Fertility Center, trying to get pregnant, either naturally or by undergoing Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and/or In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).

Description:

Specific Aim #1: To determine the association of a mixture of paternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, BPA and parabens with the primary outcomes of implantation failure and live birth, and the secondary outcomes of chemical pregnancy (with no subsequent clinical pregnancy) and spontaneous abortion.

Hypothesis 1: Higher paternal urinary concentrations of a mixture of anti-androgenic phthalate metabolites of DEHP, DBP, DiBP, BBzP, and DiNP is associated with increased risk of implantation failure and reduced live birth rate, and increased risk of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

Hypothesis 2: Higher paternal urinary concentrations of a mixture of estrogenic chemicals (BPA and parabens) is associated with increased risk of implantation failure and reduced live birth rate, and increased risk of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

Specific Aim #2: To determine the association of a mixture of maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, BPA and parabens with implantation failure and live birth rate, and the secondary outcomes of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

Hypothesis 2: Higher maternal urinary concentrations of a mixture of anti-androgenic phthalate metabolites of DEHP, DBP, DiBP, BBzP, and DiNP is associated with increased risk of implantation failure and reduced live birth rate, and increased risk of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

Hypothesis 3: Higher maternal urinary concentrations of a mixture of estrogenic BPA and parabens is associated with increased risk of implantation failure and reduced live birth rate, and increased risk of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

Specific Aim #3: To determine the joint effect of maternal and paternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, BPA and parabens with primary outcomes of interest including implantation failure and live birth rate, and the secondary outcomes of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 1474
• Est. completion date: September 2020
• Est. primary completion date: September 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 55 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Couples undergoing treatment for infertility at MGH Clinic

2. Men 18-55 years old

3. Women 18 - 45 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any individual or couple who is not undergoing infertility treatment at MGH Clinic and or who is outside of age range.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Infertility

Intervention

Other:
• Completion questionnaires/providing biological samples
Participant completes baseline interview at enrollment, then completes online questionnaire on lifestyle and medical history. Diet questionnaire is completed at home and mailed back. Online questionnaire about personal care product use and medications is completed at each scheduled study visit.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Harvard School of Public Health	Boston	Massachusetts

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)	Massachusetts General Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (97)

Abadia L, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Toth TL, Souter I, Hauser R, Chavarro JE, Gaskins AJ; EARTH Study Team. The association between pre-treatment maternal alcohol and caffeine intake and outcomes of assisted reproduction in a prospectively followed cohort. Hu — View Citation

Abadia L, Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Keller M, Wright DL, Souter I, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; Environment and Reproductive Health Study Team. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and treatment outcomes of women undergoing assisted reproduction. Am — View Citation

Afeiche MC, Bridges ND, Williams PL, Gaskins AJ, Tanrikut C, Petrozza JC, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Dairy intake and semen quality among men attending a fertility clinic. Fertil Steril. 2014 May;101(5):1280-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 — View Citation

Afeiche MC, Chiu YH, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Souter I, Wright DL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study team. Dairy intake in relation to in vitro fertilization outcomes among women from a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2016 Mar;31(3):563-71. doi: 10.1093/hu — View Citation

Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Toth TL, Wright DL, Tanrikut C, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Processed meat intake is unfavorably and fish intake favorably associated with semen quality indicators among men attending a fertility clinic. J Nutr. 2014 Jul;14 — View Citation

Attaman JA, Toth TL, Furtado J, Campos H, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Dietary fat and semen quality among men attending a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2012 May;27(5):1466-74. doi: 10.1093/humrep/des065. Epub 2012 Mar 13. — View Citation

Braun JM, Gennings C, Hauser R, Webster TF. What Can Epidemiological Studies Tell Us about the Impact of Chemical Mixtures on Human Health? Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jan;124(1):A6-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510569. — View Citation

Braun JM, Just AC, Williams PL, Smith KW, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Personal care product use and urinary phthalate metabolite and paraben concentrations during pregnancy among women from a fertility clinic. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 Sep-Oct;24(5):45 — View Citation

Braun JM, Sathyanarayana S, Hauser R. Phthalate exposure and children's health. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2013 Apr;25(2):247-54. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32835e1eb6. Review. — View Citation

Braun JM, Smith KW, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Berry K, Ehrlich S, Hauser R. Variability of urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol A concentrations before and during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 May;120(5):739-45. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104139. E — View Citation

Cantonwine DE, Hauser R, Meeker JD. Bisphenol A and Human Reproductive Health. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul 1;8(4). doi: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811939. — View Citation

Carignan CC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Butt CM, Williams PL, Meeker JD, Stapleton HM, Toth TL, Ford JB, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardant Metabolites and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Undergoing in Vitro Ferti — View Citation

Chavarro JE, Ehrlich S, Colaci DS, Wright DL, Toth TL, Petrozza JC, Hauser R. Body mass index and short-term weight change in relation to treatment outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jul;98(1):109-16. doi: 10.1016/j.fe — View Citation

Chavarro JE, Furtado J, Toth TL, Ford J, Keller M, Campos H, Hauser R. Trans-fatty acid levels in sperm are associated with sperm concentration among men from an infertility clinic. Fertil Steril. 2011 Apr;95(5):1794-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.0 — View Citation

Chavarro JE, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chiu YH, Gaskins AJ, Souter I, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Soy Intake Modifies the Relation Between Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduc — View Citation

Chavarro JE, Toth TL, Sadio SM, Hauser R. Soy food and isoflavone intake in relation to semen quality parameters among men from an infertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2008 Nov;23(11):2584-90. doi: 10.1093/humrep/den243. Epub 2008 Jul 23. — View Citation

Chavarro JE, Toth TL, Wright DL, Meeker JD, Hauser R. Body mass index in relation to semen quality, sperm DNA integrity, and serum reproductive hormone levels among men attending an infertility clinic. Fertil Steril. 2010 May 1;93(7):2222-31. doi: 10.1016 — View Citation

Chen Z, Godfrey-Bailey L, Schiff I, Hauser R. Impact of seasonal variation, age and smoking status on human semen parameters: The Massachusetts General Hospital experience. J Exp Clin Assist Reprod. 2004 Sep 30;1(1):2. — View Citation

Chiu YH, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Petrozza JC, Tanrikut C, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2015 Jun;30(6):1342-51. doi: — View Citation

Chiu YH, Karmon AE, Gaskins AJ, Arvizu M, Williams PL, Souter I, Rueda BR, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team. Serum omega-3 fatty acids and treatment outcomes among women undergoing assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2018 Jan 1;33(1):156-165. doi: 1 — View Citation

Chiu YH, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Ford JB, Keller M, Seely EW, Messerlian C, Petrozza J, Williams PL, Ye X, Calafat AM, Hauser R, James-Todd T; for EARTH Study Team. Trimester-Specific Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations and Blood Glucose Levels Among Pregnant W — View Citation

Chiu YH, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Gaskins AJ, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Souter I, Toth TL, Ford JB, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team. Association Between Pesticide Residue Intake From Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women — View Citation

Colaci DS, Afeiche M, Gaskins AJ, Wright DL, Toth TL, Tanrikut C, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Men's body mass index in relation to embryo quality and clinical outcomes in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2012 Nov;98(5):1193-9.e1. doi: — View Citation

Dodge LE, Kelley KE, Williams PL, Williams MA, Hernández-Díaz S, Missmer SA, Hauser R. Medications as a source of paraben exposure. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Apr;52:93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.02.002. Epub 2015 Feb 26. — View Citation

Dodge LE, Williams PL, Williams MA, Missmer SA, Souter I, Calafat AM, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Associations between paternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and reproductive outcomes among couples seeking fertility treatment. Reprod Toxicol — View Citation

Dodge LE, Williams PL, Williams MA, Missmer SA, Toth TL, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Paternal Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Other Phenols in Relation to Reproductive Outcomes among Couples from a Fertility Clinic. Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Jul;123( — View Citation

Duty SM, Ackerman RM, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Nov;113(11):1530-5. — View Citation

Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Hauser R, Missmer SA, Peretz J, Calafat AM, Flaws JA. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and cytochrome P450 19 A1 (Cyp19) gene expression in ovarian granulosa cells: an in vivo human study. Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Dec;42:18-23. doi: — View Citation

Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Missmer SA, Flaws JA, Berry KF, Calafat AM, Ye X, Petrozza JC, Wright D, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and implantation failure among women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jul;120(7): — View Citation

Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Missmer SA, Flaws JA, Ye X, Calafat AM, Petrozza JC, Wright D, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and early reproductive health outcomes among women undergoing IVF. Hum Reprod. 2012 Dec;27(12):3583-92. doi: 10.1093/humrep — View Citation

Ferguson KK, Hauser R, Altshul L, Meeker JD. Serum concentrations of p, p'-DDE, HCB, PCBs and reproductive hormones among men of reproductive age. Reprod Toxicol. 2012 Nov;34(3):429-35. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 May 5. — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Afeiche MC, Hauser R, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Tanrikut C, Petrozza JC, Chavarro JE. Paternal physical and sedentary activities in relation to semen quality and reproductive outcomes among couples from a fertility center. Hum Reprod. 2014 Nov; — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Afeiche MC, Wright DL, Toth TL, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Dietary folate and reproductive success among women undergoing assisted reproduction. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Oct;124(4):801-9. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000477. — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Ford JB, Toth TL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team. Association between serum folate and vitamin B-12 and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;102(4):943-50. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.11 — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Keller MG, Toth TL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team. Maternal whole grain intake and outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2016 Jun;105(6):1503-1510.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.02.015. Epub 201 — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Hauser R, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Ginsburg ES, Missmer SA, Chavarro JE. Maternal prepregnancy folate intake and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jul;124(1):23-31. doi: 10.1097/AOG.000000000000 — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Hauser R, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Penzias A, Missmer SA, Chavarro JE. Prepregnancy dietary patterns and risk of pregnancy loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Oct;100(4):1166-72. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083634. Epub 2014 Aug 13. — View Citation

Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Keller MG, Souter I, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team. Maternal physical and sedentary activities in relation to reproductive outcomes following IVF. Reprod Biomed Online. 2016 Oct;33(4):513-521. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.07 — View Citation

Hauser R, Gaskins AJ, Souter I, Smith KW, Dodge LE, Ehrlich S, Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Williams PL; EARTH Study Team. Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations and Reproductive Outcomes among Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization: Results from the EART — View Citation

Hernández-Díaz S, Su YC, Mitchell AA, Kelley KE, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates among women of childbearing age. Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Jun;37:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 18. — View Citation

Hu Y, Chiu YH, Hauser R, Chavarro J, Sun Q. Overall and class-specific scores of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables as a tool to rank intake of pesticide residues in United States: A validation study. Environ Int. 2016 Jul-Aug;92-93:294-300. do — View Citation

Johnson PI, Stapleton HM, Mukherjee B, Hauser R, Meeker JD. Associations between brominated flame retardants in house dust and hormone levels in men. Sci Total Environ. 2013 Feb 15;445-446:177-84. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.017. Epub 2013 Jan 16. — View Citation

Johnson PI, Stapleton HM, Sjodin A, Meeker JD. Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in house dust and serum. Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jul 15;44(14):5627-32. doi: 10.1021/es100697q. — View Citation

Karmon AE, Toth TL, Chiu YH, Gaskins AJ, Tanrikut C, Wright DL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; Earth Study Team. Male caffeine and alcohol intake in relation to semen parameters and in vitro fertilization outcomes among fertility patients. Andrology. 2017 Mar;5(2 — View Citation

Lewis RC, Hauser R, Maynard AD, Neitzel RL, Wang L, Kavet R, Meeker JD. Exposure to Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields and the Risk of Infertility and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Update on the Human Evidence and Recommendations for Future Study Designs. J To — View Citation

Lewis RC, Hauser R, Maynard AD, Neitzel RL, Wang L, Kavet R, Morey P, Ford JB, Meeker JD; Earth Study Team. PERSONAL MEASURES OF POWER-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE AMONG MEN FROM AN INFERTILITY CLINIC: DISTRIBUTION, TEMPORAL VARIABILITY AND CORRELATI — View Citation

Lewis RC, Hauser R, Wang L, Kavet R, Meeker JD. Personal power-frequency magnetic field exposure in women recruited at an infertility clinic: association with physical activity and temporal variability. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2016 Mar;168(4):478-88. doi: — View Citation

Lewis RC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Meeker JD, Williams PL, Mezei G, Ford JB, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Self-reported mobile phone use and semen parameters among men from a fertility clinic. Reprod Toxicol. 2017 Jan;67:42-47. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.00 — View Citation

Machtinger R, Combelles CM, Missmer SA, Correia KF, Williams P, Hauser R, Racowsky C. Bisphenol-A and human oocyte maturation in vitro. Hum Reprod. 2013 Oct;28(10):2735-45. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det312. Epub 2013 Jul 30. — View Citation

Mahalingaiah S, Meeker JD, Pearson KR, Calafat AM, Ye X, Petrozza J, Hauser R. Temporal variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol A concentrations in men and women. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Feb;116(2):173-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10605. — View Citation

McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Altshul LM, Perry MJ. Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE and sperm sex-chromosome disomy. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Apr;120(4):535-40. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104017. Epub 2011 Dec 21. — View Citation

McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Dadd R, Perry MJ. The association between sperm sex chromosome disomy and semen concentration, motility and morphology. Hum Reprod. 2012 Oct;27(10):2918-26. doi: 10.1093/humrep/des302. Epub 2012 Aug 14. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Altshul L, Hauser R. Serum PCBs, p,p'-DDE and HCB predict thyroid hormone levels in men. Environ Res. 2007 Jun;104(2):296-304. Epub 2006 Dec 26. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Barr DB, Hauser R. Pyrethroid insecticide metabolites are associated with serum hormone levels in adult men. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Apr;27(2):155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.12.012. Epub 2009 Jan 24. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites may alter thyroid hormone levels in men. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Jul;115(7):1029-34. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to serum thyroid and reproductive hormone levels in men from an infertility clinic. Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Feb 15;44(4):1458-63. doi: 10.1021/es9028292. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are associated with decreased steroid hormone levels in adult men. J Androl. 2009 May-Jun;30(3):287-97. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.108.006403. Epub 2008 Dec 4. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary phthalate metabolites and their biotransformation products: predictors and temporal variability among men and women. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Jul;22(4):376-85. doi: 10.1038/jes.2012.7. Epub 2012 Feb 22. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Cooper EM, Stapleton HM, Hauser R. Exploratory analysis of urinary metabolites of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in relation to markers of male reproductive health. Endocr Disruptors (Austin). 2013 Oct 1;1(1):e26306. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Cooper EM, Stapleton HM, Hauser R. Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants: temporal variability and correlations with house dust concentrations. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 May;121(5):580-5. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205907. Epub 201 — View Citation

Meeker JD, Ehrlich S, Toth TL, Wright DL, Calafat AM, Trisini AT, Ye X, Hauser R. Semen quality and sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary bisphenol A among men from an infertility clinic. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Dec;30(4):532-9. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.201 — View Citation

Meeker JD, Johnson PI, Camann D, Hauser R. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in house dust are related to hormone levels in men. Sci Total Environ. 2009 May 1;407(10):3425-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.030. Epub 2009 Feb 10. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Missmer SA, Altshul L, Vitonis AF, Ryan L, Cramer DW, Hauser R. Serum and follicular fluid organochlorine concentrations among women undergoing assisted reproduction technologies. Environ Health. 2009 Jul 14;8:32. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-8-32. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Ravi SR, Barr DB, Hauser R. Circulating estradiol in men is inversely related to urinary metabolites of nonpersistent insecticides. Reprod Toxicol. 2008 Feb;25(2):184-91. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.12.005. Epub 2007 Dec 28. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Singh NP, Hauser R. Serum concentrations of estradiol and free T4 are inversely correlated with sperm DNA damage in men from an infertility clinic. J Androl. 2008 Jul-Aug;29(4):379-88. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.107.004416. Epub 2008 Mar 20. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Stapleton HM. House dust concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in relation to hormone levels and semen quality parameters. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Mar;118(3):318-23. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901332. — View Citation

Meeker JD, Yang T, Ye X, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary concentrations of parabens and serum hormone levels, semen quality parameters, and sperm DNA damage. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Feb;119(2):252-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002238. Epub 2010 Sep 28. — View Citation

Mendiola J, Meeker JD, Jørgensen N, Andersson AM, Liu F, Calafat AM, Redmon JB, Drobnis EZ, Sparks AE, Wang C, Hauser R, Swan SH. Urinary concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites and serum reproductive hormones: pooled analysis of fertile — View Citation

Messerlian C, Bellinger D, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Romano ME, Ford JB, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Braun JM. Paternal and maternal preconception urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and child behavior. Environ Res. 2017 Oct;158:720-728. doi: 10.1 — View Citation

Messerlian C, Braun JM, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Ford JB, Mustieles V, Calafat AM, Souter I, Toth T, Hauser R; Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study Team. Paternal and maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and birth weigh — View Citation

Messerlian C, Mustieles V, Minguez-Alarcon L, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Souter I, Williams PL, Hauser R; Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study Team. Preconception and prenatal urinary concentrations of phenols and birth size of singleton infants bo — View Citation

Messerlian C, Mustieles V, Wylie BJ, Ford JB, Keller M, Ye X, Calafat AM, Williams PL, Hauser R; Environment Team Reproductive Health Study. Ultrasound gel as an unrecognized source of exposure to phthalates and phenols among pregnant women undergoing rou — View Citation

Messerlian C, Souter I, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Ford JB, Chiu YH, Calafat AM, Hauser R; Earth Study Team. Urinary phthalate metabolites and ovarian reserve among women seeking infertility care. Hum Reprod. 2016 Jan;31(1):75-83. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev292 — View Citation

Messerlian C, Wylie BJ, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Ford JB, Souter IC, Calafat AM, Hauser R; Earth Study Team. Urinary Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites and Pregnancy Loss Among Women Conceiving with Medically Assisted Reproduction. Epidemiolog — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Afeiche MC, Chiu YH, Vanegas JC, Williams PL, Tanrikut C, Toth TL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Male soy food intake was not associated with in vitro fertilization outcomes among couples attending a fertility center. Andrology. 2015 Jul;3(4): — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Afeiche MC, Williams PL, Arvizu M, Tanrikut C, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Ford JB, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; Earth Study Team. Hair mercury (Hg) levels, fish consumption and semen parameters among men attending a fertility center. Int J Hyg Envi — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chiu YH, Messerlian C, Williams PL, Sabatini ME, Toth TL, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Urinary paraben concentrations and in vitro fertilization outcomes among women from a fertility clinic. Fertil Steril. 2016 Mar;1 — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Christou G, Messerlian C, Williams PL, Carignan CC, Souter I, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Urinary triclosan concentrations and diminished ovarian reserve among women undergoing treatment in a fertility clinic. Ferti — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Souter I, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study team. Dietary folate intake and modification of the association of urinary bisphenol A concentrations with in vitro fertilization outcomes among — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Ehrlich S, Chavarro JE, Petrozza JC, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and association with in vitro fertilization outcomes among women from a fertility — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Hauser R, Gaskins AJ. Effects of bisphenol A on male and couple reproductive health: a review. Fertil Steril. 2016 Sep 15;106(4):864-70. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1118. Epub 2016 Aug 4. Review. — View Citation

Mínguez-Alarcón L, Souter I, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Ford JB, Ye X, Calafat AM, Hauser R; Earth Study Team. Urinary concentrations of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid monohydroxy isononyl ester, a metabolite of the non-phthalate plasticizer di(isononyl)cyc — View Citation

Mok-Lin E, Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Petrozza J, Wright DL, Calafat AM, Ye X, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and ovarian response among women undergoing IVF. Int J Androl. 2010 Apr;33(2):385-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01014.x. Epub 2009 — View Citation

Peretz J, Vrooman L, Ricke WA, Hunt PA, Ehrlich S, Hauser R, Padmanabhan V, Taylor HS, Swan SH, VandeVoort CA, Flaws JA. Bisphenol a and reproductive health: update of experimental and human evidence, 2007-2013. Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Aug;122(8):77 — View Citation

Perry MJ, Chen X, McAuliffe ME, Maity A, Deloid GM. Semi-automated scoring of triple-probe FISH in human sperm: methods and further validation. Cytometry A. 2011 Aug;79(8):661-6. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.21078. Epub 2011 May 12. — View Citation

Segal TR, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Nassan FL, Dadd R, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Hauser R; Earth Study Team. Urinary concentrations of 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA), a major metabolite of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and semen param — View Citation

Smith KW, Braun JM, Williams PL, Ehrlich S, Correia KF, Calafat AM, Ye X, Ford J, Keller M, Meeker JD, Hauser R. Predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations in men and women, including before and during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect. — View Citation

Smith KW, Souter I, Dimitriadis I, Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary paraben concentrations and ovarian aging among women from a fertility center. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Nov-Dec;121(11-12):1299-305. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205350. Epu — View Citation

Souter I, Chiu YH, Batsis M, Afeiche MC, Williams PL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH Study Team. The association of protein intake (amount and type) with ovarian antral follicle counts among infertile women: results from the EARTH prospective study cohort. — View Citation

Souter I, Smith KW, Dimitriadis I, Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R. The association of bisphenol-A urinary concentrations with antral follicle counts and other measures of ovarian reserve in women undergoing infertility treatments. Reprod Tox — View Citation

Styer AK, Gaskins AJ, Brady PC, Sluss PM, Chavarro JE, Hauser RB, Toth TL. Dynamic antimüllerian hormone levels during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation predict in vitro fertilization response and pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2015 Nov;104(5):1153- — View Citation

Tiseo BC, Gaskins AJ, Hauser R, Chavarro JE, Tanrikut C; EARTH Study Team. Coenzyme Q10 Intake From Food and Semen Parameters in a Subfertile Population. Urology. 2017 Apr;102:100-105. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.11.022. Epub 2016 Nov 22. — View Citation

Vanegas JC, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Wright DL, Toth TL, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Soy food intake and treatment outcomes of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril. 2015 Mar;103(3):749-55.e2. doi: 10.1 — View Citation

Vanegas JC, Chavarro JE, Williams PL, Ford JB, Toth TL, Hauser R, Gaskins AJ. Discrete survival model analysis of a couple's smoking pattern and outcomes of assisted reproduction. Fertil Res Pract. 2017;3. pii: 5. doi: 10.1186/s40738-017-0032-2. Epub 2017 — View Citation

Wright DL, Afeiche MC, Ehrlich S, Smith K, Williams PL, Chavarro JE, Batsis M, Toth TL, Hauser R. Hair mercury concentrations and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes among women from a fertility clinic. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Jan;51:125-132. doi: 10.1016/ — View Citation

Xia W, Chiu YH, Afeiche MC, Williams PL, Ford JB, Tanrikut C, Souter I, Hauser R, Chavarro JE; EARTH study team. Impact of men's dairy intake on assisted reproductive technology outcomes among couples attending a fertility clinic. Andrology. 2016 Mar;4(2) — View Citation

Xia W, Chiu YH, Williams PL, Gaskins AJ, Toth TL, Tanrikut C, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Men's meat intake and treatment outcomes among couples undergoing assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2015 Oct;104(4):972-979. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.06.037. Ep — View Citation

* Note: There are 97 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Paternal Exposure to Environmental Chemicals	To determine the association of a mixture of paternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, BPA and parabens with the primary outcomes of implantation failure and live birth, and the secondary outcomes of chemical pregnancy (with no subsequent clinical pregnancy) and spontaneous abortion.	2019
Secondary	Maternal Exposure to Environmental Chemicals	To determine the association of a mixture of maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, BPA and parabens with implantation failure and live birth rate, and the secondary outcomes of chemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.	2019