View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) fixed-dose combination (FDC) in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced participants with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment with sofosbuvir (SOF)+ ribavirin (RBV), with or without Pegylated interferon alfa (Peg-IFNα-2a/ PEG)) in participants with chronic genotype (GT)-1, 2, 3, and 6 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Purpose So far anatomical abnormalities (mostly congenital) were, in the majority of the patients, associated with urinary track infections. In this study the researchers will try to investigate the role of TLRs as molecular interactions between bacterial virulence and host response. TLRs are important mediators in the development of the natural immunity against bacteria. They recognize microbial pathogen associated molecular patterns and alert the host's immune system to the presence of invading microbes
This prospective study evaluates the role of negative pressure wound therapy or wound VAC as a dressing over the incision to prevent poststernotomy wound infection in high risk patients.
Chronic exposure to (cigarette smoke) CS causes biological changes, including airway remodeling and changes in baseline gene expression profiles at the level of the epithelium. Our own data indicate that chronic exposure to CS suppresses the ability of epithelial cells to enhance antiviral gene expression in response to influenza infection and activate host defense responses. While there is a large body of evidence supporting the notion that exposure to CS causes significant changes in host defense responses, which may be linked to permanent changes in epithelial cells at the genomic level, it is not known whether new and emerging tobacco products have similar or distinct effects. Using live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) inoculation in human volunteers, this study will compare influenza-induced responses in non-smokers (NS), cigarette smokers (CS), e-cigarette smokers (EC), hookah smokers (HS), and Little Cigar smokers (LCS) in vivo. This will be done by analyzing nasal viral titers, antiviral defense responses, inflammatory mediator production, and markers of immune responses for LAIV-induced responses between the different groups of volunteers.
- Lower limb amputations are performed usually as a last resort in patients with acute and chronic limb ischaemia (CLI) caused by vascular disease, poorly controlled diabetes or, infection. - In the period 2003-2008 there were approximately 5,000 amputations per year in the UK. - The Centre for Disease Control defines a Surgical Site Infection (SSI) as an infection within 30 days of an operation or up to one year if an implant is left in place and the infection is related to an operative procedure. - Figures from the Surgical Site Infection Surveillance reported that the highest rate of surgical site infection was reported in association with lower limb amputation at 13.1%. - There is a clear under-representation and the infection rate within our institution is approximately 25% which reflects the infection rate reported in a recent trial by Sadat et al (22.5%) - Prevention of surgical site infections is of paramount importance to patients, healthcare providers and policy-makers, as they impact on morbidity and mortality and have significant time and cost implications. - Currently there is NO CONSENSUS as to what the best practice is towards antibiotic administration in such patients. From a questionnaire-based audit we performed including vascular departments across the entire country, practice varies in both course duration (single dose → 5 days antibiotic course) as well as choice of antibiotics. - The guideline at our institution suggests the 5-day course of antibiotic prophylaxis. The course duration varies depending on the clinical picture as well as microbiology results and recommendations. - There are no randomised control trials that have investigated this aspect of patient care. We have set up one such trial and through it, we are looking to establish a standard practice which will hopefully be as beneficial as possible to the patient but also cost-effective for NHS.
Worldwide, central nervous system infections such as inflammation of brain (encephalitis), inflammation of meninges (meningitis) and sudden onset of weakness of muscles which maybe infectious in origin result in significant illness and death and healthcare costs. Vast majority of central nervous system infections remain without an identifiable cause. There is also concern about new and emerging infections. This study thus intends to fill in the gaps in knowledge with regards to central nervous system infections in Singapore to give a thorough description of burden of causes of central nervous system infections and detection of outbreaks of new pathogens. Patients suspected of central nervous system infection will be recruited from 5 restructured Singapore hospitals and their blood and other clinical specimens will be sent for testing. Patients will also be followed up to assess long term outcomes and socio-economic costs of these infections. This will help clinicians, policymakers and public health officials in estimating financial and societal costs of CNs infections in Singapore.
Patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis, or acute on chronic liver failure often present with malnutrition, and due to the in-hospital stay, their nutritional intake can vary widely, with several periods of fasting, and sometimes insufficient nutritional support. Therefore patients are prone to develop malnutrition or, the already present malnutrition worsens its status. Our aim is to evaluate the daily changes in nutritional status in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and evaluate the changes in plasma and serum biomarkers.
The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and costs associated with the intravesical administration of combined hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) compared to the current standard management of recurrent urinary tract infections in adult women diagnosed with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI).
The main objective of the study is to characterize the virulence factors of SGA and identify immunological and / or genetic factors predisposing to infections in children hospitalized with invasive GAS infection.