Bilirubin Binding Capacity to Assess Bilirubin Load in Preterm Infants

Infant, Premature Clinical Trial

Official title:

Bilirubin Binding Capacity to Assess Bilirubin Load in Preterm Infants

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02691156
• Other study ID #: IRB-31187
• Status: Completed
• Start date: February 1, 2016
• Est. completion date: August 31, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: September 2021
• Source: Stanford University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Most preterm newborns are managed by phototherapy to reverse hyperbilirubinemia with the intent to prevent bilirubin neurotoxicity. A threshold-based relationship between a specific total bilirubin level and need for intervention has been elusive. This is most likely due to other biomarkers such as hemolysis, developmental maturation, concurrent illnesses, or even interventions, may impede bilirubin/albumin binding. The over-prescription of phototherapy has impacted clinical and family-centered care, and in the extreme preterm infants, it may have augmented their risk of mortality. Thus, the opportunity to individualize phototherapy in in order to reduce its use is unique. The investigators have assembled a transdisciplinary team to examine critical unanswered questions including the role of bilirubin binding capacity (BBC) of an individual during the first week of life in the context of clinical modifiers and antecedents for a domain of bilirubin-induced neurologic disorders, that includes neuro-anatomical, hearing, visual and developmental processing impairments. In this study, the investigator will evaluate two new innovative nanotechniques to quantify bilirubin load for the first time in the context of a clinical decision algorithm to identify those most at risk for any bilirubin-related neurotoxicity. The investigators anticipate that knowledge gained from this study will lead to ethically testable hypotheses to individualize the prescription of phototherapy.

Description:

The investigator intends to first collect simultaneous and comprehensive "acute phase" measurements of TB, BBC, ETCOc, and COHbc in MPT infants. The investigator will then seek to understand precisely the relationship between GA, TB, BBC, ETCOc, and COHbc levels and the domains of BIND. Third, The investigator will provide a comprehensive database that can be used to improve current neonatal BIND screening practices in the context of lowered and higher BBC. The investigator's working hypothesis is that exposures to modest TB levels in the presence of significantly diminished BBC in the developing neonate result in residual deficits of one or more neuroprocessing function (BIND) at TEA. 1. Patients (GA 24 to <34 wks) will be enrolled. Subject exclusion criteria: Major life-threatening anomalies and diagnosed inborn errors of metabolic disorders; attending physician or parent refusal. Clinical data collection: After receiving written informed consent, the research team will complete clinical data forms for infant demographics. The data forms will be consistent with and abstracted from the medical record. No additional information will be collected for this exploratory study. Population: The entire cohort will compromise 60-80 patients. From this cohort, 12 at-risk infants with most impaired BBC and matched with those designated as low-risk will be re-recruited for the follow-up to identify any evidence of BIND in any or all 4 of the outcome variables. Laboratory data: Once inclusion criteria are met, routine neonatal laboratory tests will be as clinically ordered. Each infant will tested for BBC and ETCOc at least 2 intervals (maximum 4 over 12h-7d) during rates-of-rise and -decrease in TB. Subsequent laboratory and clinical data will be paired with research data for statistical analysis. The investigators will compare BIND outcomes at TEA to 3 mos-corrected age (<54 wks PMA) using a re-consented sample size: n=12 for those at high risk with decreased BBC versus a GA-matched controls at low risk (n=12). 2. Measurements: 0.1-mL whole blood will be drawn in special heparinized tubes for COHbc determinations and anticoagulated blood set aside for the hematofluorometry. Plasma for peroxidase UB assays will be stored and labeled without patient identifiers. Frozen research samples will be transported to the Spectrum Child Health Research (SCHR) Lab for analyses. 1. BBC, TB, and UB will be measured directly: 1a. BBC, TB and UB in 50-μL whole blood using POC hematofluorometry; TB performed by the hospital-based clinical laboratory; and UB in plasma using the peroxidase method (Arrows device). ETCOc will be determined for those breathing spontaneously. c. Testing and techniques for outcome variables for select at-risk and matched control infants: 1. Screening ABR: Two or more simultaneously channels will consist of the electrode pairs of: 1) contralateral to ipsilateral mastoid prominence; 2) vertex to ipsilateral mastoid; and 3) vertex to contralateral mastoid for better identification of waves. Insert tubephone earphone will be used to introduce an acoustic delay to distinguish CM response from artifact. Rarefaction clicks at 90, (75), 60, (45), and 30 dBnHL will be delivered monaurally to the right and left ears. RE and LE, ≥2 repetitions, ≥2,000 sweeps/repetition. Separate recording to rarefaction and condensation clicks will be obtained at 90 dB. The surface electrical activity will be amplified x10,000 and filtered from 30-3,000 Hz. Latencies and peak-to-trough amplitudes of waves and CM from the outer hair cells in the inner ear of the ABRs will be scored independently by "masked" interpreters (Drs. Oghalia and Popelka). 2. Screening Visual Brainstem Responses after TEA (at 50-54 wks PMA): All infants in this subcohort will be evaluated using the sVEP technique described above.68 Electrodes are placed across the back of the visual cortex, midline and 2 cm to the left and right, with a reference lead at the occipital vertex. Thresholds and suprathreshold measurements will be compared with controls. Further, the infants in the bilirubin cohort can serve a case series with a dose response plot determined, comparing thresholds with TB levels. Bin averages for each type of vision can also be compared to the same for control infants to determine whether suprathreshold measures vary to any significant degree from controls (Fig. 3). Evidence from other studies of CNS damage suggests that lower signal amplitudes and thresholds correlate with CNS damage. Support for this sample size is based on practical considerations an ad hoc sample size calculation. 3. Neuroimaging of the brain will be performed by conventional MRI at TEA; this is the routine near-term neuroimaging for preterm infants in our institution. MRI is performed in unsedated infants, using a 3-Tesla platform with sequences that include Sagittal T1 FLAIR, Axial DWI, T2 FRFSE, FLAIR, GRE, and SSFSE, and Coronal SSFSE and 3D SPGR over 30 min. Drs. Barnes and Hintz, who will be masked to the acute phase biomarkers data, will interpret imaging utilizing a central reader form that includes white matter scoring according to a widely used classification system, and data regarding location, number, size, and imaging characteristics of lesions. Dr. Bhutani will correlate these data to the acute biomarkers.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 143
• Est. completion date: August 31, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: August 31, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 24 Weeks to 34 Weeks

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients (GA 24 to =34 wks)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Major life-threatening anomalies and diagnosed inborn errors of metabolic disorders
• Attending physician or parent refusal

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Bilirubin-induced Neurologic Dysfunction
• Birth Weight
• Hyperbilirubinemia
• Infant, Low Birth Weight
• Infant, Premature
• Kernicterus
• Neurologic Manifestations

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• Bilirubin Binding Capacity
Research laboratory assay of bilirubin binding capacity
• End-tidal Carbon Monoxide
Noninvasive bedside test to measure exhaled end-tidal carbon monoxide levels for the detection of hemolysis
• Carboxyhemoglobin
Laboratory assay of carboxyhemoglobin levels for the detection of hemolysis

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Lucile-Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford	Stanford	California

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Stanford University	Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (26)

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Amin SB, Ahlfors C, Orlando MS, Dalzell LE, Merle KS, Guillet R. Bilirubin and serial auditory brainstem responses in premature infants. Pediatrics. 2001 Apr;107(4):664-70. — View Citation

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Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Shapiro SM. Kernicterus in sick and preterm infants (1999-2002): a need for an effective preventive approach. Semin Perinatol. 2004 Oct;28(5):319-25. Review. — View Citation

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Lamola AA, Bhutani VK, Du L, Castillo Cuadrado M, Chen L, Shen Z, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Neonatal bilirubin binding capacity discerns risk of neurological dysfunction. Pediatr Res. 2015 Feb;77(2):334-9. doi: 10.1038/pr.2014.191. Epub 2014 Nov 24. — View Citation

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Morris BH, Oh W, Tyson JE, Stevenson DK, Phelps DL, O'Shea TM, McDavid GE, Perritt RL, Van Meurs KP, Vohr BR, Grisby C, Yao Q, Pedroza C, Das A, Poole WK, Carlo WA, Duara S, Laptook AR, Salhab WA, Shankaran S, Poindexter BB, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, Rasmussen MR, Stoll BJ, Cotten CM, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Guillet R, Higgins RD; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Aggressive vs. conservative phototherapy for infants with extremely low birth weight. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 30;359(18):1885-96. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0803024. — View Citation

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Oh W, Stevenson DK, Tyson JE, Morris BH, Ahlfors CE, Bender GJ, Wong RJ, Perritt R, Vohr BR, Van Meurs KP, Vreman HJ, Das A, Phelps DL, O'Shea TM, Higgins RD; NICHD Neonatal Research Network Bethesda MD. Influence of clinical status on the association between plasma total and unbound bilirubin and death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr. 2010 May;99(5):673-678. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01688.x. Epub 2010 Jan 25. Erratum in: Acta Paediatr. 2013 Mar;102(3):326. — View Citation

Oh W, Tyson JE, Fanaroff AA, Vohr BR, Perritt R, Stoll BJ, Ehrenkranz RA, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, Poole K, Wright LL; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Association between peak serum bilirubin and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):773-9. — View Citation

Practice parameter: management of hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy term newborn. American Academy of Pediatrics. Provisional Committee for Quality Improvement and Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics. 1994 Oct;94(4 Pt 1):558-65. Erratum in: Pediatrics 1995 Mar;95(3):458-61. — View Citation

Scheidt PC, Graubard BI, Nelson KB, Hirtz DG, Hoffman HJ, Gartner LM, Bryla DA. Intelligence at six years in relation to neonatal bilirubin levels: follow-up of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Clinical Trial of Phototherapy. Pediatrics. 1991 Jun;87(6):797-805. — View Citation

Tyson JE, Pedroza C, Langer J, Green C, Morris B, Stevenson D, Van Meurs KP, Oh W, Phelps D, O'Shea M, McDavid GE, Grisby C, Higgins R; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Does aggressive phototherapy increase mortality while decreasing profound impairment among the smallest and sickest newborns? J Perinatol. 2012 Sep;32(9):677-84. doi: 10.1038/jp.2012.64. Epub 2012 May 31. — View Citation

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* Note: There are 26 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Infants most at-risk for BIND prior to discharge (up to 55 weeks) for subtle or direct evidence of NDI at term equivalent age.	This aim addresses the hypothesis that acute phenotypic measures of BIND at TEA are identified most in preterm infants who have insufficient BBC. These data will detect perturbations in any or all domains of visuo-oculomotor, auditory, neuroanatomical (MRI) and neurodevelopmental functions.	>=55 weeks PMA
Primary	Age-specific gradations of BBC values for each week of GA and in order to characterize degree of disordered BBC.	This aim addresses the hypothesis that there are functional degrees and extents of BBC that can be objectively graded to quantify insufficient BBC. These data will define BBC ranges to guide objective, accurate thresholds that identify what levels of TB compared to the BBC is "safe". Infants with insufficient (>45% saturation) and near-normal (<25% saturation) BBC will be identified as select cohorts and then further tested for BIND at term-equivalent age.	postnatal age 0-7 days
Secondary	Determinants of bilirubin load (using rates of bilirubin production) on BBC	This aim addresses the hypothesis that biochemical markers of bilirubin load, individually or collectively, related to excessive bilirubin production and insufficient BBC, define the mechanisms of bilirubin load for maturational age (both term PMA and GA). The studies are directed toward translating diverse components of bilirubin loads: serum albumin, BBC, and TB rate-of-rise and decrease. These data will integrate measurements of bilirubin load using established indices of bilirubin production that accurately characterize early signs of BIND at term equivalent age that may be associated with neuroanatomical changes, and NDI.	postnatal age 0-7 days