Clinical Effectiveness of Boxing Training in Individuals With Elevated Blood Pressure or Stage 1 Hypertension

Hypertension Clinical Trial

Official title:

Boxing Training Effects on Cardiovascular Risk, Quality of Life, Endothelial Function, and Blood Flow Patterns in Individuals With Elevated Blood Pressure or Stage 1 Hypertension

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06413251
• Other study ID #: 1364179-3
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 15, 2020
• Est. completion date: March 15, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: May 2024
• Source: University of Texas, El Paso
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether boxing training reduces cardiovascular risk in elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 individuals.

The main questions it aims to answer are (1) if boxing training reduces peripheral and central blood pressure and (2) if boxing training improves cardiovascular function in elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 individuals.

Participants with elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 will be randomly divided into a control group or an intervention group. The latter group will be involved in boxing training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.

Researchers will compare clinical and cardiovascular outcomes between the control and the intervention group.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 24
• Est. completion date: March 15, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: March 15, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• =18 years old.

• Systolic blood pressure between 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mmHg obtained from 2 different days.

• an estimated 10-year risk of CVD =10%, calculated by the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations.

• no current participation in 3 or more days per week of endurance or resistance exercise training.

Exclusion Criteria:

• non-controlled cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic diseases.

• smoking, consumption of nutritional supplements containing antioxidants.

• any physical impairment to exercise.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Elevated Blood Pressure
• Hypertension

Intervention

Other:
• Boxing Training
The boxing training intervention will consist of three exercise sessions per week on nonconsecutive days for six weeks. Participants will be instructed to complete 10 rounds of three minutes with a one-minute resting period interspersed. Four rounds will consist of heavy bag punching (e.g. straight, jab, hook) at 60% VO2max and three rounds at 90-95% VO2max, while the remaining 3 rounds will be focused on mitt work at 60% VO2max.
• Control flexibility
The control group will perform three days per week 10 minutes of dynamic articular movement, five minutes of uni pedal stance, and five minutes of stretching of the upper limbs for six weeks.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	The University of Texas at El Paso	El Paso	Texas

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Texas, El Paso

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change from baseline brachial blood pressure after week six	Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Central Blood Pressure	Pulse wave analysis (mmHg)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Vascular function	Flow mediated dilation (%)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Plethysmography	Forearm and Calf Blood Flow (ml/min/100 ml tissue)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Maximum Oxygen Uptake	Cardiopulmonary Test (ml/kg/min)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Nitric Oxide Bioavailability	Blood Biomarker NOx (µmol/L)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Body Fat Percentage	Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Scan to assess Body Fat %	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Lean Mass	Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Scan to assess lean mass (kg)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Quality of Life measured by the short-form 36 (SF-36)	The short form 36 (SF-36) is a short survey that covers a total of 8 sub-dimensions related to physical and mental health: (1) Physical Functioning, (2) Role Limitations due to Physical Problems, (3) Social Functioning, (4) Bodily Pain, (5) General Mental Health, (6) Role Limitations due to Mental Problems, (7) Vitality, and (8) General Health Perceptions. The SF-36 includes a diverse mixture of continuous item scaling methods and is comprised of 10 items with balanced multi-item response formats (range from 1 to 5), 7 items with a dichotomous response format (1 or 2), and 19 items with non-balanced multi-item response formats (nine items range from 1 to 3 and ten items range from 1 to 6). To obtain the raw score for each sub-dimension, 10 items are reversed. Then, raw values for each sub-dimension are summed. Finally, the raw scores are transformed to a 0-to-100 scale for each sub-dimension. Higher scores indicate higher Quality of Life from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Arterial Stiffness	Pulse wave velocity from carotid to femoral artery (m/s)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	C Reactive Protein (CRP) to assess inflammation	Blood Biomarker CRP (mg/L)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to assess inflammation	Blood Biomarker IL-6 (pg/ml)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFa) to assess inflammation	Blood Biomarker TNFa (pg/ml)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	8-isoprostane to assess inflammation	Blood Biomarker 8-isoprostane (pg/ml)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Superoxide dismutase (SOD) to assess oxidative stress	Blood Biomarker SOD (mU/ml)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) to assess oxidative stress	Blood Biomarker TAC (mM/ml)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Lipid Profile	Blood Biomarkers HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol (mg/dl)	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Weight	Weight in kilograms	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Height	Height in meters	pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention