View clinical trials related to Human Influenza.
Filter by:This study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity, by means of cell mediated immunity (CMI) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, and also the safety of a MF59C.1-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine compared with a conventional subunit vaccine in previously unvaccinated children aged 6 to <36 months.
The next influenza pandemic is expected to spread rapidly in resource-poor settings. Influenza viruses spread from human-to-human via large respiratory droplets. Transmission via large-particle respiratory droplets is believed to be mediated by close contact between infected and susceptible persons or contact with droplet-contaminated fomites. Close contact between infected and susceptible persons may consist of skin-to-skin contact (e.g., via hands) or inhalation of respiratory droplets (e.g., due to talking, coughing, or sneezing by the infected person). Airborne transmission, which is expected to result in transmission over long distances (>1 meter) and which would be mediated by ventilation, is believed to be uncommon. Therefore, the greatest risk of transmission from personal contact comes from those people who are closest to an index case, such as contacts living in the same household. There are, to date, no published estimates of the secondary attack ratio of influenza among household contacts of index case-patients in low-income countries. Moreover, the investigators do not have data on the risk factors for secondary transmission of influenza from index case-patients to their household contacts. There is some data for the benefits of promoting handwashing with soap on the risk of all-cause acute respiratory illness among children < 15 years old in a resource-poor setting in Pakistan. But, the investigators do not have evidence that promoting handwashing with soap will acutely reduce the risk of secondary transmission. Therefore, the investigators propose to conduct a study in rural Bangladesh to assess the following: - The secondary attack ratio of influenza among household contacts of an index case-patient with influenza - The risk factors for secondary transmission of influenza from an index case-patient to household contacts - The impact of promoting handwashing with soap on the risk of secondary transmission of influenza from an index case-patient to household contacts - The impact of handwashing promotion on handwashing behavior six months after intervention - The impact of handwashing promotion on the prevalence of respiratory infections, diarrhea and influenza