HIV Infections Clinical Trial
Official title:
CNS Viral Dynamics and Cellular Immunity During AIDS
Understanding whether or not viral replication occurs in the brain during chronic untreated
HIV-1 infection is of undeniable importance, and has implications for treatment and research
priorities. Evidence suggests that viral replication in the CNS occurs at the extremes of
HIV-1 disease. Brain involvement has been reported during acute infection, and there is
convincing evidence of CNS viral replication during HIV-associated dementia (HAD) and
advanced AIDS. Some human and primate data suggest that viral RNA and proteins may be absent
from brains of some individuals with chronic untreated HIV-1 infection despite abundant
proviral DNA. However, the extent of viral replication in the brain is not known for most of
the 42 million people worldwide living with untreated HIV-1 infection.
Why is viral replication in the brain such a pivotal issue? Microglial cells and macrophages
are primary targets for intrathecal HIV-1 replication, and this can promote neuronal injury
through direct effects of gp120 and tat, and indirect induction of toxic mediators.
Low-grade injury over years or decades would likely be deleterious, particularly as the
population ages. Because treatment guidelines allow systemic HIV-1 replication to continue
until CD4+ T cell counts decline considerably, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not
recommended for many persons living with HIV. Demonstrating replication in the brain during
chronic HIV-1 infection may affect treatment strategies and encourage investigation.
Identifying factors that modulate intrathecal viral replication is equally important.
Anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) partially control systemic viral replication and
delay disease progression. Although available data has been provocative, the role of
anti-HIV CTL in the CNS has received little attention. To fill this gap we will examine
relationships between intrathecal viral replication, CTL responses, and glial
activation/proliferation during HIV-1 infection. These studies will be relevant not only to
AIDS but to other inflammatory diseases of the CNS as well.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 4 |
Est. completion date | July 2010 |
Est. primary completion date | June 2009 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | Both |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria: - (All subjects in Groups A1, A2 and B): - At least 18 years of age. - No more than one month of ART in the past. - No ART in the previous 3 months. - Platelet count >100,000 cells/mm3 on most recent determination within 60 days prior to first study lumbar puncture. - Normal prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) on most recent determination within 60 days prior to first study lumbar puncture. - Among individuals with past ART experience, the ability to construct an ART regimen predicted to completely suppress plasma HIV-1 RNA, based on results of viral susceptibility testing that is done as a routine part of clinical practice. - Plasma HIV-1 RNA >20,000 copies/mL. - Additional Inclusion Criteria for Groups A1 and A2. - Group A1: - CD4+ T cell count >200 cells/mm3. - CSF HIV-1 RNA >2,000 copies/mL on screening lumbar puncture. - No history of significant allergy to beta lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. - No history of allergy to vancomycin. - Group A2: - CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/mm3. - CSF HIV-1 RNA >2,000 copies/mL on screening lumbar puncture. - No history of significant allergy to beta lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. - No history of allergy to vancomycin. Exclusion Criteria: - Evidence of CNS opportunistic infections or space occupying lesion. - History of significant CNS disorder unrelated to HIV infection such as trauma, congenital malformations or genetic disorders. - History of seizures. - As determined by the investigator, a significant active or previous history of cardiovascular, renal, liver, hematologic, neurologic, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, or endocrine disease(s) that would interfere with study participation. - Evidence or suspicion of vascular or Alzheimer's type dementias. - Evidence or suspicion of Parkinson's disease. - History of allergy to lidocaine. - Implanted metal objects that make MRI contraindicated. This may require consultation with colleagues in the Vanderbilt Dept. of Radiology. - Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. - Women with a positive pregnancy test on enrollment or prior to study drug administration. - Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who are unwilling or unable to use an adequate method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study in such a manner that the risk of pregnancy is minimized. - Prisoners or subjects who are compulsorily detained (involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (e.g., infectious disease) illness must not be enrolled into this study. |
Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Prospective
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | Vanderbilt AIDS Clinical Trials Center | Nashville | Tennessee |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Vanderbilt University | National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
United States,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | To characterize intrathecal viral replication during chronic untreated HIV-1 infection, and to assess how intrathecal viral replication relates to stage of HIV-1 disease. | end of study | No | |
Primary | To measure intrathecal and systemic cellular immune responses against HIV-1 and to assess how these responses relate to intrathecal viral replication. | end of study | No | |
Primary | To correlate intrathecal viral replication and anti-HIV CTL responses with the degree of glial activation/proliferation and neuronal dropout in the brain. | end of study | No |
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