| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and documented heart failure for at least 6
months.
2. ACC/AHA Stage C, NYHA Class III or ambulatory Class IV HF documented at Baseline
Visit.
3. Receiving maximally tolerated medical therapy for heart failure as indicated per
ACC/AHA or ESC Heart Failure Guidelines (guideline-directed medical therapy or GDMT),
such as diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin
receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker (BB), and mineralocorticoid receptor blocker
(MRB) for at least 3 months prior to the Baseline visit.
4. Receiving rhythm management device therapy as recommended by the ACC/AHA or ESC
Guidelines. Specifically: cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) should be implanted
for at least 90 days prior to enrollment; an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator
(ICD) or a pacemaker should be implanted at least 30 days prior to enrollment. If
subject is clinically contraindicated for these therapies this criterion may be
waived.
5. Have a minimum of one (1) prior hospital admission within the last 12-months for acute
worsening of HF associated with signs/symptoms of congestion of at least one (1)
calendar date change duration requiring treatment with an intravenous diuretic. If CRT
device previously implanted, the heart failure hospitalization must be = 30 days after
CRT implantation. Alternatively, if patients have not had a HF hospitalization within
the prior 12-months, they must have a corrected* elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide
(BNP) level of at least 300pg/ml or an N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) level of at
least 1,500pg/ml, according to local measurement, within 30-days of the Baseline
Visit. *Thresholds for NT-proBNP will be corrected for body mass index (BMI) using a
4% reduction per BMI unit over 20 kg/m2, If patient is on ARNI, NT-proBNP should be
used exclusively.
6. Provide informed consent for study participation and be willing and able to comply
with the required tests, treatment instructions and follow-up visits.
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Exclusion Criteria:
1. Age <18 or >85 years old.
2. Patients who are NYHA class IV not ambulatory and ACC stage D.
3. Patients with evidence/history of an intra-cardiac thrombus or history of stroke,
transient ischemic attack, systemic or pulmonary thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis
(DVT), within the last 6 months.
4. Patients with a resting systolic blood pressure <90 or >180 mmHg and/ or Severe
pulmonary hypertension with a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of =70 mm/Hg on
screening baseline echocardiogram.
5. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) > 8cm.
6. Have an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale with more than trace shunting on
color Doppler or intravenous bubble study or surgical or interventional correction of
congenital heart disease involving atrial septum including placement of a PFO or ASD
closure device and have a hypermobile septum or a septal aneurysm
7. Patients with untreated severe valve lesions, which are indicated for surgical or
percutaneous intervention, severe regurgitant (grade 4+) valve lesions, active
valvular vegetations, atrial myxoma, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with significant
resting or provoked subaortic gradient, acute myocarditis, tamponade, or large
pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, infiltrative cardiomyopathy
(including cardiac sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and hemochromatosis), or congenital heart
disease, as cause of HF.
8. Uncontrolled tachyarrhythmia or bradycardia (heart rate <45).
9. Intractable HF with resting symptoms despite maximal medical therapy (ACC/AHA HF Stage
D), including patients receiving continuous or intermittent outpatient IV vasoactive
medications (e.g., IV inotropes, IV vasodilators), patients treated with a ventricular
assist device (VAD).
10. Intolerant to diuretics, ACEI and ARB and beta-blocker medical therapy for patients
classified as HFrEF (EF =40%).
11. The presence of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI), rhythm management system revision, lead extraction, or cardiac or other major
surgery within the preceding 90 days.
12. Patients not eligible for emergency open-heart, thoracic or vascular surgery.
13. Women of childbearing age
14. Patients with a life expectancy that is shorter than 12 months, or those who have
received a cardiac transplant or are listed for cardiac transplantation and likely to
be transplanted within 12 months.
15. Have coagulopathy or uninterruptible anticoagulation therapy or contraindication for
all of the forms of antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatments anticipated in the protocol
16. Have an estimated glomerular filtration rate <25 ml/min/1.73 m2 by the MDRD method or
on dialysis.
17. Hepatic impairment with at least one liver Function Test (transaminases, total
bilirubin, or alkaline phosphatase) = 3 times upper limit of normal.
18. Gastrointestinal bleeding in the last 6 months
19. Have severe chronic pulmonary disease requiring continuous home oxygen, chronic oral
steroid therapy, hospitalization for exacerbation during prior 6 months, or has severe
obstructive physiology on PFTs (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 < 50% normal).
20. Patients who have an active infection requiring systemic antibiotics or an elevated
white blood count (above the local laboratory reference ranges)
21. Have a history of active drug addiction, active alcohol abuse, or psychiatric hospital
admission for psychosis within the prior 2 years.
22. Are currently participating in a clinical investigation that includes an active
treatment arm.
23. Subject otherwise not appropriate for study as determined by the investigator. The
reasons must be documented.
24. Patients contraindicated for trans-septal puncture, TEE or ICE.
Intra Procedural Exclusion Criteria:
(Intra Procedural Exclusion Criteria will be determined immediately after intracardiac
echocardiography or transesophageal echocardiography determination of left atrial
anatomy and just before trans-septal puncture)
25. Anatomical anomaly on TEE or ICE that precludes implantation of the V-LAPIM across the
interatrial septum (Fossa Ovalis) including: Septal thickness at fossa > 5 mm, FO
Dimension <16mm, ASD or PFO with more than a trace amount of shunting, Intra- cardiac
thrombus felt to be acute and not present on prior exams and Abnormal septum, e.g. a
hypermobile septum or a septal aneurysm.
26. Inadequate vascular access for implantation of V-LAPIM or are unable to tolerate an
RHC.
27. Hemodynamic at time of Index Procedure including: Severe pulmonary hypertension
defined as PASP>70 mmHg or PVR >4.0 Woods Units (mmHg L-1 min-1); Resting systolic
Blood Pressure <90 or >180 mmHg, not corrected with IV fluid administration or
vasodilators, respectively.
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