Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
In Vivo Mapping Of Structural and Biochemical Abnormalities In Patients With Primary Focal Dystonia
This study will use high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look for subtle
differences in brain anatomy between patients with focal hand dystonia (also called writer s
cramp) and healthy normal volunteers. Patients with hand dystonia have prolonged muscle
contractions that cause sustained twisting movements and abnormal postures. These abnormal
movements often occur with activities such as writing, typing, playing certain musical
instruments such as guitar or piano, or playing golf or darts.
Patients with focal hand dystonia and healthy volunteers will be enrolled in this study.
Patients will be recruited from NINDS s database of patients with focal hand dystonia.
Volunteers will be selected to match the patients in age, sex and handedness.
This study involves two visits to the NIH Clinical Center. The first visit is a screening
visit, in which patients and volunteers will have a medical history, physical examination,
neurological examination, and assessment of handedness. Women of childbearing age will be
screened with a pregnancy test. Pregnant women are exclude from this study.
Those who join the study will return for a second visit for magnetic resonance imaging. MRI
uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce images of the brain. For the procedure, the
participant lies still on a stretcher that is moved into the scanner (a narrow cylinder
containing the magnet). Earplugs are worn to muffle loud noises caused by electrical
switching of radio frequency circuits used in the scanning process. The scan will last about
45 to 60 minutes, at most. Some volunteers may be asked to return for a third visit to obtain
a second MRI on a different scanner.
Objective
The term, dystonia, is used to describe a syndrome characterized by prolonged muscle
contractions causing sustained twisting movements and abnormal postures of the affected body
part(s). Although no structural brain abnormalities have been definitively demonstrated in
the visual inspection of MRI scans from patients with primary focal dystonia, there are
several lines of evidence for subtle structural brain abnormalities at both the subcortical
and cortical levels. We hypothesize that those abnormalities might be detected by using
appropriate acquisition and analysis methods.
Study population
This research will be conducted using patients with primary focal dystonia and normal
volunteers.
Design
By using high-resolution 3D structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and
voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 Tesla and high
resolution anatomical images at 7 Tesla, we will detect structural changes in patients with
primary focal dystonia in comparison with control subjects. VBM and DTI are methods
implemented in the statistical parametric mapping software (SPM2). Magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (MRS) will use special software to calculate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
levels in a region of interest.
Outcome measures
VBM and DTI analysis in SPM2 will enable us to make a voxel-wise comparison of local
concentration/volume of gray/white matter among these groups of subjects. This study can lead
to an improved knowledge of the pathophysiology of primary hand dystonia can help to
elucidate dystonia s pathogenesis/etiology and may lead to specific preventative or
therapeutic approaches. The MRS study will enable us to study GABA levels in the sensory
motor cortices, prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia in primary dystonia patients and normal
subjects.
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