Healthy Clinical Trial
Official title:
Adolescence, Puberty, Hormones, and Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study
The purpose of this study is to use brain imaging technology to compare how the brains of
adolescents and adults are activated during tasks that involve emotional responses.
Evidence suggests that adolescents and adults experience activation in similar brain regions
when they engage in tasks that involve the processing of emotional stimuli. However, the
degree of task-associated activation may differ between adolescents and adults. This study
will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain activation patterns in
adolescents and adults. This study will also be used to develop emotion-evoking fMRI tasks to
determine whether there are puberty and age-linked components of brain development.
The goal of this project is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare
the degree to which brain regions of adolescents and adults with and without steroid-related
endocrine disorders are engaged by tasks involving processing of emotionally salient stimuli.
In healthy subjects, based on developmental continuities in the relevant psychological
processes, we anticipate considerable similarity across age groups in the topography of brain
regions engaged by relevant tasks. However, we hypothesize that developmental differences in
cortico-limbic circuits of adolescents and adults will be reflected in patterns of fMRI
activation. Specifically, we hypothesize in both adults and adolescents that attention and
memory tasks involving the processing of emotionally salient stimuli will engage the
amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and association cortex of medial/inferior prefrontal cortex and
temporal regions. Nevertheless, height of task-associated activation is hypothesized to
differ between adolescents and adults within these regions. Moreover, prior studies
distinguish puberty vs. age-related aspects of cognitive development: some aspects of
attention or memory development relate to changes in chronological age whereas other aspects,
particularly those involving emotional processes, relate to pubertal status. Therefore, we
expect eventually to use emotion-evoking fMRI tasks to test hypotheses on the presence of
complementary, distinguishable puberty vs. age-related components of brain development. In
patients with endocrine disorders, we expect to identify abnormal brain function related to
defects in steroidogenesis, including in utero hyperandrogenism and hypocortisolism seen in
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), congenital male hyperandrogenism seen in familial male
precocious puberty (FMPP), and hypercortisolism seen as Cushing's Syndrome (CS).
To meet these initial goals, we developed and tested a number of attention/emotion tasks in
healthy adults and healthy adolescents, tested systematically a few of these tasks in the
fMRI, including a face-emotion processing task, an affective picture- processing task, a
threat bias task, a dot-probe task, a reward-related task, and tasks probing social
processing. We are now entering the 2nd phase of the protocol, in which we are focusing on
endocrine disorders, CAH, FMPP and CS. We hypothesize that both face-emotion processing task,
an affective picture- processing task will engage the amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and
association cortices of the medial/inferior prefrontal and temporal regions differently as a
function of time of occurrence, severity, and type of endocrine abnormalities.
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