Fatigue Clinical Trial
Official title:
Acupressure for Cancer Related Fatigue in Elderly Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acupressure on the severity and level of cancer-related fatigue in elderly patients with cancer.
Participants The research was carried out in two stages: quantitative and qualitative. The
quantitative phase of the study was a randomized, controlled trial in pre-test post-test
design. The second phase of the study was performed as a qualitative study by using
individual in-depth interview method at the end of four weeks of acupressure.
The study was conducted with the volunteers from hematology and medical oncology clinic in a
university hospital, in Turkey.
At the beginning of the study, a total of 20 patients, 10 for each acupressure and control
groups, were included in order to calculate the sampling size of the study. As the result of
the evaluation, a total of 28 patients (14 for acupressure, 14 for control groups) with 95%
confidence level and 90% strength were included in the study. It was decided that 11 patients
would be added to both group to reach the total of 50 patients (25 acupressure group, 25
control group) considering withdrawals from the study. Acupressure and control groups were
randomized by computerized patient selection. The study was completed with a total of 31
patients (15 acupressure, 16 control group) who met the inclusion criteria At the end of the
study, 95% confidence level was found as 99% for Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 95% for total
Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) score in acupressure and control groups.
In order to carry out the study, the permission of the Ethics Committee of the Clinical
Researches (decision no: 2013/670) and written permission was received from the clinics where
the study will be conducted. The study was carried out in accordance with the provisions of
the Declaration of Helsinki (1995). Written informed consent was obtained from each
participant.
In the qualitative phase of the study, in-depth interviews with individuals in the
acupressure group were recorded with a voice recorder.
Procedure Routine treatment of the patients, added in the acupressure and control groups
according to inclusion criteria, was not intervened during the study.
In order to collect the pre-test data of the patients in the acupressure group and the
control group in the begining, the PFS researcher administered the patient identification
form, VAS, by face-to-face interviews with the patients.
For this study, studies on literature are examined and acupressure application protocol was
prepared by getting an expert opinion.
The researcher who applied acupressure participated in an acupressure course for 8 hours of
training of acupuncture points and acupressure application including 4 hours of acupressure
technique training.
In acupressure application, each acupuncture point was applied with acupressure device
(Acu-Doctor Electro Acupuncture Device LY508). The device includes a digital display for
acupuncture point location and a button for stimulating the acupuncture point after spot
detection.
At the end of four weeks, VAS and PFS applied to the all patients again. In the qualitative
phase of the study, the researcher took experience and opinions of the patients in the
acupressure group about acupressure application during the second follow-up period. In the
in-depth interview, a semi-structured Acupressure Experience Patient Opinion Form includes
questions about acupressure was applied.
Preliminary Application In order to determine the operability of the Patient Introduction
Form, acupressure application and its duration and the applicability of the scales 5 elderly
patients with cancer were pre-treated with the acupressure. Pre-application data were
excluded from the research.
Intervention Acupressure Group: For acupressure application, three acupuncture points (Liver
4 (LI4), Stomach 36 (ST36), Spleen 6 (SP6)) on both hands and legs are selected by taking
expert advice and based on previous fatigue studies. The point LI4 corresponds to the
midpoint between the first and second carpal bones. It is in the middle of the second
metacarpal bone on the radial side. The ST36 point is located below the tibia, approximately
4 finger wide, along the outer edge of the tibia and 1.5-2 finger apart from the tibia, above
the anterior tibia muscle. SP6 is located on the spleen meridian, on the inner side of the
lower leg, 4 fingers above the ankle, behind the tibia. It is on the caudal edge of the
tibia, three units in the proximal of the medial malleolus end region.
The acupuncture points, acupressure to be applied, were determined by the researcher at the
first interview, by measuring the patients' own finger measurements and also by the
acupressure device. The zones are then marked with an indelible pen. Then, the researcher in
accordance with the acupressure protocol trained all the patients in the acupressure group or
the individuals responsible for the care of the patients. After the participants were
observed while performing acupressure correctly and after making them comfortable in all
steps, the patients were given an application-training guide prepared by the researcher. The
contents of the guide include information on acupuncture points and acupressure application.
The participants were given a stopwatch to adjust the time with the acupressure device. In
accordance with the acupressure protocol, each day for four weeks, taking into account the
awakening and sleep periods of the individuals, acupressure applied for a total of 3 min to
the each acupuncture points (one session 18 minutes) twice a day between 07:00 and 10:00 and
19:00 to 22:00 in the morning patients were asked to perform acupressure by their caregivers
or on their own. All participants were monitored weekly by telephone.
The determined intensity, frequency and sensitivity were noted for each patients and recorded
on the Patient Monitoring Chart - Patient Form. It is explained that for each acupuncture
point, the procedure will start from head towards feet and the right hand side, then will
continue with the point on the left side before moving to a different point. The patients
were asked to record the acupressure application on the Patient Monitoring Chart-Patient
Form. At the first interview, the Patient Presentation Form and the other scales were applied
which took approximately 20 minutes, and the acupressure training lasted an average of 45
minutes.
The in-depth interviews conducted by the researcher at the end of the acupressure application
were conducted in a suitable room in the hospital or in the patients' own homes. During the
interviews, the patients' experiences were recorded with a voice recorder after obtaining the
permission of the patients. Interviews took an average of 10 to 15 minutes.
Control Group: No intervention was applied to the control group.
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