Down Syndrome Clinical Trial
Official title:
Performance Analysis in Down Syndrome Through a Maze Game on Mobile Phone
The game Marble Maze Classic® will be used, in which the participants have to move the mobile phone to conduct a virtual marble through a maze design. The investigators will evaluate 100 individuals (50 with Down Syndrome-DS and 50 with typical development-TD) and divide both with DS and TD into group 1 and 2, where each group consists of 25 participants, with group 2 using a maze design totally opposite to group 1.
The game Marble Maze Classic® will be used, in which the participants have to move the
mobile phone to conduct a virtual marble through a maze design. The investigators will
evaluate 100 individuals (50 with Down Syndrome-DS and 50 with typical development-TD) and
divide both with DS and TD into group 1 and 2, where each group consists of 25 participants,
with group 2 using a maze design totally opposite to group 1.
Participants from both SD and TD will be divided into two subgroups: Group 1 (n = 50,
consisting of 25 participants in TD and 25 participants in SD) and Group 2 (n = 50,
consisting 25 participants in TD and 25 participants in SD), with the design of the maze for
group 2 totally opposite to that of group 1 in all stages of the experiment. The use of
opposite mazes is necessary to verify that the sequence of movements of the maze path does
not influence performance.
To maintain the characteristics of random sampling, where each participant has an equal
chance to participate in the groups, The investigators used simple probabilistic random
sampling, by conducting the drawing on paper.
PROCEDURES
Individuals will be positioned comfortably in a chair set according to the size necessary,
as well as a footrest, so as to stay properly positioned to enable the execution of the
task.
Before starting the task, the functioning of the game will be verbally explained, along with
a demonstration made by the examiner. The examiner will state that the goal of the game is
to get the marble to the end of the maze in the shortest possible time through movements up,
down and sideways (supination and pronation of the forearm, flexion and extension of the
wrist and fingers). Participants will perform all attempts with the dominant hand (except in
intermanual transfer phase) and this task will be repeated several times according to the
design of the experiment. In each experiment phase (acquisition, retention and transfer) the
execution time will be noted of the entire path from the beginning of the maze until the end
point, and in each phase this path has to be performed by a specific amount of repetitions.
To try to match the difficulty of the task, the mazes are customized with paths that require
eight basic movements for the virtual marble to reach the target, with two movements of
forearm pronation, two supination, two wrist flexion and two extension.
In the design of the learning protocol, the participants have to perform 30 repetitions of
the maze task for the acquisition phase with the dominant hand, each group with their own
maze. After these 30 repetitions, there was a 5-minute rest period in which the participant
is not in contact with the task. Then, 5 repetitions will be performed in the retention
phase with the same maze acquisition. For the transfer phase, the participants will perform
15 repetitions divided into 3 blocks of 5 attempts using different maze designs:
- Transfer A: a maze with the path in a different layout to the acquisition (five
repetitions);
- Transfer B: the same acquisition maze, however carried out with non-dominant hand (five
repetitions);
- Transfer 3: the same acquisition maze with the start-end point of the path reversed
(five repetitions).
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