Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Other |
Change in Eating Habits Self-efficacy Score |
Change in eating habits self-efficacy from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention (12 months post-initiation of the intervention). This self-report measure assessed participants' self-efficacy related to their ability to make healthy eating decisions in the face of real or perceived barriers (e.g. while at social events, while watching television, etc.). This 7-item measure was adapted from items in the original Weight Efficacy Life-Style (WEL) Questionnaire (Clark MM, Abrams DB, Niaura RS, et al. Self-efficacy in weight management. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991;59(5):739-744). Each of the 7 items are measured via 3 response options ("Yes/Completely Sure"=2; "Maybe/Not Sure"=1; and "No/Not Sure at All"=0), giving a possible range of scores of 0-14, with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy for making healthy eating decisions in spite of barriers. |
Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Other |
Change in Physical Activity Self-efficacy |
Change in physical activity self-efficacy from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention (12 months post-initiation of the intervention). This self-report measure assessed participants' self-efficacy for exercising in the face of real or perceived barriers (e.g., bad weather, exercising alone, etc.). This 9-item measure was adapted from the Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale (Resnick B, Jenkins LS. Testing the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale. Nurs Res. 2000;49(3):154-159. & Resnick B, Luisi D, Vogel A, Junaleepa P. Reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise and Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scales with minority older adults. J Nurs Measurement. 2004; 12(3):235-247.) Each of the 9 items are measured via 3 response options ("Yes/Completely Sure"=2; "Maybe/Not Sure"=1; and "No/Not Sure at All"=0), giving a possible range of scores of 0-18, with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy. |
Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Other |
Change in Perceived Family Support for Exercise and Dietary Habits |
Change in perceived family support for exercise and dietary habits from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. This self-report measure was adapted to examine changes in perceived family support for engaging in healthy exercise and dietary habits. This measure consists of a 6-item scale adapted from: Gruber KJ. Social support for exercise and dietary habits among college students. Adolescence. 2008;43(171):557-575. Each of the 6 items are measured via 3 response options ("Often"=2; "Sometimes"=1; and "Never"=0), giving a possible range of scores of 0-12, with higher scores indicating higher perceived family support for exercising and eating healthier. |
Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Change in Mean Body Weight (kg) |
Change in mean body weight (kg) from baseline to immediate post intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Participant weight (without shoes) was measured in light clothing using a calibrated digital scale at each time point. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change in Mean HbA1c (%) |
Change in mean HbA1c (NGSP %) from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. A Siemens analyzer (point of care) was utilized to calculate HbA1c levels for each participant at each time point. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change in Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
Change in mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Blood pressure was measured at each time point with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope or digital blood pressure device, with participants seated and arm elevated. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change in Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
Change in mean diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Blood pressure was measured at each time point with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope or digital blood pressure device, with participants seated and arm elevated. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change in Sugar-sweetened Beverage Consumption |
Change in participants' sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. This self-report measure assessed participants' SSB consumption over the past 30 days using two questions from 'Module 14: Sugar Sweetened Beverages' of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants could respond in number of times per day, per week, or per month. Responses for each question were converted to number of times per day (i.e., self-reported times per week divided by 7 or self-reported times per month divided by 30), resulting in two measures: number times soda was consumed per day and number of times sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, sweet tea, and sports drinks were consumed per day. Per BRFSS guidelines, these two measures were added together to create a total daily SSB consumption rate. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption |
Change in participants' fruit and vegetable consumption from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. This self-report measure assessed participants' fruit and vegetable consumption over the past three months using three items adapted from: Shannon J, Kristal AR, Curry SJ, Beresford SA. Application of a behavioral approach to measuring dietary change: the fat- and fiber-related diet behavior questionnaire. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6(5):355-361. Each of the three items was scored as Often=2; Sometimes=1; Never=0. Items were summed to create a scale score, giving a possible range of scores of 0-6, with higher scores indicating more frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change in Proportion of Participants Engaging in Sufficient Levels of Physical Activity |
Change in proportion of participants engaging in sufficient levels of physical activity (PA) from baseline to immediate post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. This measure assessed participants' frequency of engaging in both moderate and vigorous PA over the past month (>4 times a week, 2-4 times a week, about once a week, etc.). This measure was adapted to include relevant cultural examples of PA from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension 2 Brief Physical Activity Questionnaire (https://biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov/media/studies/dashsodium/Forms_Manual.pdf?link_time=2018-11-13_18:06:05.776099). Both items used a 4-point response scale: 1) Rarely or Never; 2) Once a week; 3) 2-4 times a week; and 4) More than 4 times a week. Each 4-point scale for moderate PA and vigorous PA was weighted: 0=Rarely or Never; 1=Once a week; 2=2-4 times a week; and 4=More than 4 times a week. The weights were then summed and dichotomized as follows: =4 = sufficient PA and <4 = insufficient PA. |
Baseline, immediate post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
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